Actalia, Food Safety Department, F-50000, Saint-Lô, France; University of Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000, Nancy, France.
Actalia, Food Safety Department, F-50000, Saint-Lô, France.
Food Microbiol. 2020 Dec;92:103594. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103594. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a main cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. They are frequently involved in foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Environmental transmission of the virus depends on two main factors: the ability of viral particles to remain infectious and their adhesion capacity onto different surfaces. Until recently, adhesion of viral particles to food matrices was mainly investigated by considering non-specific interactions (e.g. electrostatic, hydrophobic) and there was only limited information about infectious HuNoVs because of the absence of a reliable in vitro HuNoV cultivation system. Many HuNoV strains have now been described as having specific binding interactions with human Histo-Blood Group Antigens (HBGAs) and non-HBGA ligands found in food and the environment. Relevant approaches to the in vitro replication of HuNoVs were also proposed recently. On the basis of the available literature data, this review discusses the opportunities to use this new knowledge to obtain a better understanding of HuNoV transmission to human populations and better evaluate the hazard posed by HuNoVs in foodstuffs and the environment.
人类诺如病毒（HuNoVs）是全球急性胃肠炎的主要病因。它们常与食源性和水源性暴发有关。病毒的环境传播取决于两个主要因素：病毒颗粒保持感染性的能力及其黏附到不同表面的能力。直到最近，人们主要通过考虑非特异性相互作用（如静电、疏水）来研究病毒颗粒对食物基质的黏附，由于缺乏可靠的体外 HuNoV 培养系统，关于感染性 HuNoVs 的信息非常有限。现在已经描述了许多 HuNoV 株与人组织血型抗原（HBGAs）和食物及环境中发现的非 HBGAs 配体具有特异性结合相互作用。最近还提出了体外复制 HuNoVs 的相关方法。基于现有的文献数据，本文综述了利用这些新知识更好地了解 HuNoV 向人类传播的机会，并更好地评估 HuNoVs 在食品和环境中带来的危害。
