Wedekind Sophie I S, Shenker Natalie S
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
Human Milk Foundation, Daniel Hall Building, Rothamsted Institute, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK.
Microorganisms. 2021 Mar 31;9(4):715. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040715.
Humans have always coexisted with viruses, with both positive and negative consequences. Evolutionary pressure on mammals has selected intrinsic properties of lactation and milk to support the relatively immunocompromised neonate from environmental pathogens, as well as support the normal development of diverse immune responses. Human milk supports both adaptive and innate immunity, with specific constituents that drive immune learning and maturation, and direct protection against microorganisms. Viruses constitute one of the most ancient pressures on human evolution, and yet there is a lack of awareness by both public and healthcare professionals of the complexity of human milk as an adaptive response beyond the production of maternal antibodies. This review identifies and describes the specific antiviral properties of human milk and describes how maternal support of infants through lactation is protective beyond antibodies.
人类一直与病毒共存，这种共存既有积极影响，也有消极影响。哺乳动物所面临的进化压力促使其形成了泌乳和乳汁的内在特性，以保护相对免疫功能较弱的新生儿免受环境病原体的侵害，并支持多种免疫反应的正常发育。母乳既能支持适应性免疫，也能支持先天性免疫，其特定成分可促进免疫学习和成熟，并直接抵御微生物。病毒是人类进化过程中最古老的压力之一，但公众和医疗保健专业人员都缺乏对母乳复杂性的认识，而母乳是一种超越母体抗体产生的适应性反应。本综述确定并描述了母乳的特定抗病毒特性，并阐述了母亲通过哺乳对婴儿的支持如何在抗体之外提供保护。
