Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, India.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Apr;171(4):638-652. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13214. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
The prevalence of aluminum ions (Al ) under acidic soil conditions inhibits primary root elongation and hinders plant growth and productivity. Al alters the membrane potential, displaces critical ions in the apoplast and disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations by targeting membrane-localized solute transporters. Here, we provide an overview of how Al affects the activities of several solute transporters especially in the root. High Al level impairs the functions of potassium (K ), calcium (Ca ), magnesium (Mg ), nitrate (NO ) and ammonium (NH ) transporters. We further discuss the role of some key transporters in mediating Al tolerance either by exclusion or sequestration. Anion channels responsible for organic acid efflux modulate the sensitivity to Al . The ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER (ALMT) and MULTIDRUG AND TOXIC COMPOUND EXTRUSION (MATE) family of transporters exude malate and citrate, respectively, to the rhizosphere to alleviate Al toxicity by Al exclusion. The ABC transporters, aquaporins and H -ATPases perform vacuolar sequestration of Al , leading to aluminum tolerance in plants. Targeting these solute transporters in crop plants can help generating aluminum-tolerant crops in future.
在酸性土壤条件下，铝离子（Al ）的普遍性抑制了主根伸长，阻碍了植物的生长和生产力。Al 通过靶向膜定位溶质转运体改变膜电位、取代质外体中的关键离子并破坏细胞内离子浓度。在这里，我们概述了 Al 如何影响几种溶质转运体的活性，特别是在根中。高 Al 水平会损害钾（K ）、钙（Ca ）、镁（Mg ）、硝酸盐（NO ）和铵（NH ）转运体的功能。我们进一步讨论了一些关键转运体在通过排除或螯合来介导 Al 耐受性中的作用。负责有机酸外排的阴离子通道调节对 Al 的敏感性。ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER（ALMT）和 MULTIDRUG AND TOXIC COMPOUND EXTRUSION（MATE）家族的转运体分别将苹果酸和柠檬酸分泌到根际，通过 Al 排除来减轻 Al 毒性。ABC 转运蛋白、水通道蛋白和 H -ATP 酶将 Al 进行液泡螯合，从而使植物具有耐 Al 性。在作物植物中靶向这些溶质转运体可以帮助未来生成耐 Al 作物。
