Ouadi Miloud, Bashir Muhammad Asif, Speranza Lais Galileu, Jahangiri Hessam, Hornung Andreas
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology, An der Maxhütte 1, 92237 Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Germany.
Energy Fuels. 2019 Oct 17;33(10):9843-9850. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01650. Epub 2019 Sep 11.
Food and market waste (FMW) is one of the most abundant unrecycled products which poses waste management issues and negative environmental impacts. Thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR) is a pyrolysis based technology which can convert a wide range of biomass wastes into energy vectors bio-oil, syngas, and char. This paper investigates the conversion potential of FMW into sustainable biofuels. The FMW was processed using a laboratory scale 2 kg/h TCR reactor. The process produced 7 wt % organic bio-oil, 53 wt % permanent gas, and 22 wt % char. The bio-oil higher heating value (HHV) was found to be 36.72 MJ/kg, comparable to biodiesel, and contained a low oxygen content (<5%) due to cracking of higher molecular weight organics. Naphthalene was detected to be the most abundant aromatic compound within the oil, with relative abundance of 12.95% measured by GC-MS. The total acid number of the oil (TAN) and viscosity were 11.7 mg KOH/g and 6.3 cSt, respectively. The gross calorific value of the produced biochar was 23.64 MJ/kg, while the permanent gas showed a higher heating value of approximately 17 MJ/Nm. Methane (CH) was found to be the largest fraction in the permanent gases reaching over 23%. This resulted either due to the partial methanation of biosyngas over the catalytically active FMW biochar or the hydrogenation of coke deposited on the biochar in the post reforming stage.
食品和市场废弃物（FMW）是最丰富的未回收产品之一，会带来废物管理问题和负面环境影响。热催化重整（TCR）是一种基于热解的技术，可将多种生物质废物转化为能源载体生物油、合成气和炭。本文研究了FMW转化为可持续生物燃料的潜力。使用实验室规模为2 kg/h的TCR反应器对FMW进行处理。该过程产生了7 wt%的有机生物油、53 wt%的永久气体和22 wt%的炭。发现生物油的高热值（HHV）为36.72 MJ/kg，与生物柴油相当，并且由于高分子量有机物的裂解，其氧含量较低（<5%）。检测到萘是油中最丰富的芳香族化合物，通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）测得其相对丰度为12.95%。该油的总酸值（TAN）和粘度分别为11.7 mg KOH/g和6.3 cSt。所产生生物炭的总热值为23.64 MJ/kg，而永久气体的高热值约为17 MJ/Nm。发现甲烷（CH）是永久气体中占比最大的成分，超过23%。这要么是由于生物合成气在具有催化活性的FMW生物炭上发生部分甲烷化，要么是由于重整后阶段沉积在生物炭上的焦炭发生氢化反应所致。
