Lee Lien-Chieh, Wang Yuan, Zuo Jian
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
School of Architecture & Built Environment, Entrepreneurship, Commercialization and Innovation Centre (ECIC), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
Resour Conserv Recycl. 2021 Jan;164:105157. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105157. Epub 2020 Sep 14.
The tourism industry contributes significantly to the growth of the global economy and is considered to be strongly associated with a large amounts of water and energy consumption. In this study, the tourism water footprint (TWF) and the tourism energy footprint (TEF) of 138 sectors were investigated to examine the water-energy-food (W-E-F) nexus in the Chinese tourism industry from 2012 to 2017 by developing the water- and energy-based environmentally extended input-output analysis with the tourism satellite account. This study revealed that the W-E-F supply groups consumed total 15,556 million m of water and 4,964 million tce of energy to support the Chinese tourism industry. The largest contributor to the total TWF is the indirect water use from the food supply group (65%), while the largest proportion of total TEF is contributed by the direct energy use from 11 tourism direct sectors (63%), most especially the air transport sector. A much larger growth of the tourism industry was observed in 2017 compared to that of 2012. The structure decomposition analysis revealed that the growth of the overall water and energy consumption of China tourism is mainly driven by the growth of the total tourism expenditure, i.e. the scale effect. It is the same case for the food supply group associated with the Chinese tourism industry. In contrast, the contribution of the changes to the tourism expenditure composition is relatively low. Furthermore, the growth in water and energy consumption can be offset effectively by reducing the water and energy use coefficient and adjusting the economic production structure of tourism and its associated food supply group. In sum, the food supply and air transport sectors play a crucial role in the water-energy-food nexus of the tourism industry. Therefore, in the future, focus should be placed on improving the water and energy use efficiency of these sectors as well as enhancing their production structures.
旅游业对全球经济增长贡献显著，且被认为与大量的水和能源消耗密切相关。在本研究中，通过利用旅游卫星账户开发基于水和能源的环境扩展投入产出分析，对138个部门的旅游水足迹（TWF）和旅游能源足迹（TEF）进行了调查，以考察2012年至2017年中国旅游业中的水-能源-食物（W-E-F）关系。本研究表明，W-E-F供应组消耗了总计155.56亿立方米的水和49.64亿吨标准煤的能源来支持中国旅游业。总TWF的最大贡献者是食品供应组的间接用水（65%），而总TEF的最大比例由11个旅游直接部门的直接能源使用贡献（63%），尤其是航空运输部门。与2012年相比，2017年旅游业有了更大的增长。结构分解分析表明，中国旅游业整体水和能源消耗的增长主要由旅游总支出的增长驱动，即规模效应。与中国旅游业相关的食品供应组情况也是如此。相比之下，旅游支出构成变化的贡献相对较低。此外，通过降低水和能源使用系数以及调整旅游业及其相关食品供应组的经济生产结构，可以有效抵消水和能源消耗的增长。总之，食品供应和航空运输部门在旅游业的水-能源-食物关系中起着关键作用。因此，未来应着重提高这些部门的水和能源利用效率以及优化其生产结构。
