Ranjbaran Soheila, Shojaeizadeh Davoud, Dehdari Tahereh, Yaseri Mehdi, Shakibazadeh Elham
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Jul 28;9:170. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_175_20. eCollection 2020.
Diet adherence may cause diabetes complications to be diminished.
This study aimed at identifying determinants of diet adherence among patients with Type 2 diabetes based on the health action process approach (HAPA).
In this cross-sectional study, 734 patients with Type 2 diabetes, attending to South Tehran health centers, were recruited during June-December 2018. The dietary regimen scale (nine items) and a researcher-designed questionnaire consisting of HAPA constructs were used to gather the data. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, Pearson Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and linear regression test. All statistical tests were assessed using SPSS (IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.).
The level of nonadherence to diet was 91.1%. Diet adherence was significantly associated with family income ( = 0.005), level of education ( < 0.001), and age ( = 0.009). The linear regression showed that 55% of the variance of diet adherence was determined by HAPA variables. Diet adherence was associated with intention ( < 0.001), action planning ( = 0.005), and barriers ( = 0.003).
Most of the patients did not adhere to their diet. Appropriate programs should be designed to promote diet adherence among the patients, especially those with low literacy and patients living in poor communities.
坚持饮食可能会减少糖尿病并发症。
本研究旨在基于健康行动过程方法（HAPA）确定2型糖尿病患者饮食依从性的决定因素。
在这项横断面研究中，于2018年6月至12月招募了734名前往德黑兰南部健康中心就诊的2型糖尿病患者。使用饮食方案量表（九个项目）和一份由研究人员设计的包含HAPA结构的问卷来收集数据。使用曼-惠特尼检验、皮尔逊卡方检验、费舍尔精确检验和线性回归检验对数据进行分析。所有统计检验均使用SPSS（IBM公司。2017年发布。适用于Windows的IBM SPSS Statistics，版本25.0。美国纽约州阿蒙克：IBM公司）进行评估。
饮食不依从水平为91.1%。饮食依从性与家庭收入（P = 0.005）、教育水平（P < 0.001）和年龄（P = 0.009）显著相关。线性回归显示，饮食依从性55%的方差由HAPA变量决定。饮食依从性与意图（P < 0.001）、行动计划（P = 0.005）和障碍（P = 0.003）相关。
大多数患者未坚持饮食。应设计适当的项目来提高患者的饮食依从性，尤其是那些文化程度低和生活在贫困社区的患者。
