Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug;234(8):12422-12432. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28080. Epub 2019 Jan 13.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women in many countries. Early detection of CRC helps to prevent the advanced stages of the disease, and may thereby improve the survival of these patients. A noninvasive test with high specificity and sensitivity is required for this. Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane nanovesicles that are released into most body fluids and especially in the microenvironment of cancer. They carry various proteins, lipids, and nucleic materials such as DNA, RNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), and may also alter the function of target cells. In this review, we aimed to describe the biogenesis, composition, function, and the role of tumor-derived exosomes in cancer progression. Moreover, their applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment are described, with a particular focus on CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是许多国家男性和女性癌症相关死亡的第三大主要原因。CRC 的早期检测有助于预防疾病的晚期阶段，从而可能提高这些患者的生存率。为此，需要一种具有高特异性和灵敏度的非侵入性检测方法。外泌体是脂质双层膜纳米囊泡，可释放到大多数体液中，尤其是在癌症的微环境中。它们携带各种蛋白质、脂质和核酸物质，如 DNA、RNA、信使 RNA（mRNA）和 microRNA（miRNA），并可能改变靶细胞的功能。在这篇综述中，我们旨在描述肿瘤衍生的外泌体的生物发生、组成、功能及其在癌症进展中的作用。此外，还描述了它们在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用，特别关注 CRC。
