SARS-CoV-2 的潜在来源、传播方式和预防措施的有效性。
Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2.
机构信息
University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
出版信息
J Hosp Infect. 2020 Dec;106(4):678-697. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.022. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
During the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic new studies are emerging daily providing novel information about sources, transmission risks and possible prevention measures. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize the current evidence on possible sources for SARS-CoV-2, including evaluation of transmission risks and effectiveness of applied prevention measures. Next to symptomatic patients, asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriers are a possible source with respiratory secretions as the most likely cause for viral transmission. Air and inanimate surfaces may be sources; however, viral RNA has been inconsistently detected. Similarly, even though SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected on or in personal protective equipment (PPE), blood, urine, eyes, the gastrointestinal tract and pets, these sources are currently thought to play a negligible role for transmission. Finally, various prevention measures such as handwashing, hand disinfection, face masks, gloves, surface disinfection or physical distancing for the healthcare setting and in public are analysed for their expected protective effect.
在当前的 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间，每天都有新的研究出现，提供了有关来源、传播风险和可能的预防措施的新信息。在这篇综述中，我们旨在全面总结 SARS-CoV-2 可能的来源的现有证据，包括评估传播风险和应用预防措施的效果。除了有症状的患者外，无症状或症状前携带者也可能是传染源，呼吸道分泌物是病毒传播的最可能原因。空气和无生命的表面可能是传染源；然而，病毒 RNA 的检测结果并不一致。同样，尽管已经在个人防护设备 (PPE)、血液、尿液、眼睛、胃肠道和宠物上检测到 SARS-CoV-2 RNA，但这些来源目前被认为对传播的作用可以忽略不计。最后，对手卫生、手消毒、口罩、手套、表面消毒或医疗机构和公共场所的物理距离等各种预防措施进行了分析，以评估其预期的保护效果。
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