Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 19;21(18):6878. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186878.
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory disease of paranasal sinuses, which causes rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and hyposmia. The genetic predisposition or the exposure to irritants can sustain the inflammatory response and the development of nasal polyposis. Nasal polyps are benign and teardrop-shaped growths that project in the nasal cavities, and originate from the ethmoid sinuses. This inflammatory process is associated with high expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and IgE. Antibodies targeting these cytokines or receptors represent a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of nasal polyposis in combination with corticosteroids. The molecular pathogenesis of nasal polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients is associated with remodeling transition, a process in which epithelial cells lose their typical phenotype, acquiring a mesenchymal-like aspect. TGFβ/SMAD, ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are altered during the nasal tissue remodeling. miRNA and inhibitor molecules targeting these signaling pathways are able to interfere with the process; which could lead to alternative therapies. Nasal polyps are an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be isolated from surgical biopsies. A molecular understanding of the biology of PO-MSCs will contribute to the delineating inflammatory process underlying the development of nasal polyps.
慢性鼻-鼻窦炎是一种常见的鼻窦炎症性疾病，可导致流涕、鼻塞和嗅觉减退。遗传易感性或接触刺激物可维持炎症反应和鼻息肉的发展。鼻息肉是良性的、泪滴状的生长物，突入鼻腔，起源于筛窦。这种炎症过程与 IL-4、IL-5 和 IL-13 以及 IgE 的高表达有关。针对这些细胞因子或受体的抗体与皮质类固醇联合使用是治疗鼻息肉的一种治疗策略。慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）患者鼻息肉的分子发病机制与重塑转换有关，这是一个上皮细胞失去其典型表型、获得间充质样表型的过程。TGFβ/SMAD、ERK 和 Wnt/β-catenin 通路在鼻组织重塑过程中发生改变。针对这些信号通路的 miRNA 和抑制剂分子能够干扰这一过程，从而为提供替代疗法提供可能。鼻息肉是间充质干细胞的另一种来源，可以从手术活检中分离出来。对 PO-MSCs 生物学的分子理解将有助于阐明鼻息肉发展背后的炎症过程。
