Dowsett Laura, Higgins Erin, Alanazi Sarah, Alshuwayer Noha A, Leiper Fiona C, Leiper James
Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia.
J Clin Med. 2020 Sep 20;9(9):3026. doi: 10.3390/jcm9093026.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic cardiovascular disease which increases risk of major cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction and stroke. Elevated plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) have long been recognised as a hallmark of cardiovascular disease and are associated with cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. In this review, we discuss the clinical literature that link ADMA concentrations to increased risk of the development of atherosclerosis. The formation of atherosclerotic lesions relies on the interplay between vascular dysfunction, leading to endothelial activation and the accumulation of inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages, within the vessel wall. Here, we review the mechanisms through which elevated ADMA contributes to endothelial dysfunction, activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; how ADMA may affect vascular smooth muscle phenotype; and finally whether ADMA plays a regulatory role in the inflammatory processes occurring within the vessel wall.
动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性心血管疾病，它会增加包括心肌梗死和中风在内的重大心血管事件的风险。长期以来，血浆不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）浓度升高一直被认为是心血管疾病的一个标志，并且与包括高血压、肥胖和高甘油三酯血症在内的心血管危险因素相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了将ADMA浓度与动脉粥样硬化发生风险增加联系起来的临床文献。动脉粥样硬化病变的形成依赖于血管功能障碍之间的相互作用，血管功能障碍会导致内皮激活以及血管壁内炎症细胞（尤其是巨噬细胞）的积聚。在此，我们综述了ADMA升高导致内皮功能障碍、激活和活性氧（ROS）产生的机制；ADMA如何影响血管平滑肌表型；最后，ADMA是否在血管壁内发生的炎症过程中发挥调节作用。
