Ayankojo Ibukun T, Morgan Kelly T
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, South West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Sep 21;9(9):1245. doi: 10.3390/plants9091245.
Florida ranks first among US states in fresh-market tomato production with annual production exceeding one-third of the total annual production in the country. Although tomato is a signature crop in Florida, current and future ambient temperatures could impose a major production challenge, especially during the fall growing season. This problem is increasingly becoming an important concern among tomato growers in south Florida, but studies addressing these concerns have not been conducted until now. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impacts of the present ambient temperature conditions and planting dates on tomato productivity in south Florida. The study was conducted using crop simulation model CROPGRO-Tomato of DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agricultural Transfer) version 4.7. Five treatments were evaluated, and included AT (simulated treatment using 14 years of actual daily weather conditions at the study location) while other treatments were conducted based on a percentage (-20%, -10%, +10%, +20%) of AT to simulate cooler and warmer temperature regimes. The results suggested that under the current temperature conditions during the fall growing season in south Florida, average tomato yield was up to 29% lower compared to the cooler temperature regimes. Tomato yield further decreased by 52% to 85% at air temperatures above the current condition. Yield reduction under high temperature was primarily due to lower fruit production. Contrary to yield, both tomato biomass accumulation and leaf area index increased with increase in temperature. Results also indicated that due to changes in air temperature pattern, tomato yield increased as planting date increased from July to December. Therefore, planting date modification during the fall season from the current July-September to dates between November and December will reduce the impacts of heat stress and increase tomato productivity in south Florida.
佛罗里达州在鲜食番茄产量方面位居美国各州之首，年产量超过全国年产量的三分之一。尽管番茄是佛罗里达州的标志性作物，但当前和未来的环境温度可能会带来重大的生产挑战，尤其是在秋季生长季节。这个问题日益成为佛罗里达州南部番茄种植者的重要关切，但迄今为止尚未开展针对这些关切的研究。因此，本研究旨在确定当前环境温度条件和种植日期对佛罗里达州南部番茄生产力的影响。该研究使用了农业技术转让决策支持系统（DSSAT）4.7版的作物模拟模型CROPGRO-Tomato进行。评估了五种处理，包括AT（使用研究地点14年的实际每日天气条件进行模拟处理），而其他处理则基于AT的百分比（-20%、-10%、+10%、+20%）进行，以模拟更凉爽和更温暖的温度状况。结果表明，在佛罗里达州南部秋季生长季节的当前温度条件下，与更凉爽的温度状况相比，番茄平均产量低至29%。在高于当前条件的气温下，番茄产量进一步下降了52%至85%。高温下产量降低主要是由于果实产量较低。与产量相反，番茄生物量积累和叶面积指数均随温度升高而增加。结果还表明，由于气温模式的变化，随着种植日期从7月增加到12月，番茄产量增加。因此，将秋季种植日期从当前的7月至9月调整为11月至12月之间的日期，将减少热应激的影响，并提高佛罗里达州南部的番茄生产力。
