Mostow S R
Am J Med. 1987 Jun 19;82(6A):35-41. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90559-6.
Amantadine, an oral antiviral agent, is effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of all strains of influenza A, preventing 70 to 90 percent of both experimentally induced and natural infections. Although not a substitute for vaccination, prophylactic amantadine can be particularly helpful in high-risk groups, including those with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and those in chronic-care settings. Adjunctive administration to previously immunized high-risk persons enhances the vaccine's efficacy. If given to nonimmunized persons who are then vaccinated during an influenza out-break, it will protect them for the two to three weeks needed for vaccine-induced immunity to develop. If given to residents of a chronic-care facility early in an outbreak, it is helpful in controlling the outbreak. Used therapeutically within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms, amantadine will shorten influenza illness by up to 50 percent, reduce fever, and hasten the resumption of normal activities. Amantadine is particularly recommended for high-risk persons in whom influenza-like symptoms develop during a confirmed or suspected outbreak of influenza A.
金刚烷胺是一种口服抗病毒药物，对所有甲型流感病毒株的预防和治疗均有效，可预防70%至90%的实验性诱导感染和自然感染。预防性使用金刚烷胺虽不能替代疫苗接种，但对高危人群（包括患有心血管和肺部疾病的人群以及长期护理机构中的人群）特别有帮助。对先前已接种疫苗的高危人群辅助使用金刚烷胺可提高疫苗的效力。如果在流感暴发期间给予未接种疫苗的人，然后再为其接种疫苗，金刚烷胺将在疫苗诱导的免疫力产生所需的两到三周内保护他们。如果在暴发初期给予长期护理机构的居民，有助于控制疫情。在症状出现后48小时内进行治疗性使用，金刚烷胺可使流感病程缩短多达50%，降低发热，并加速恢复正常活动。特别推荐在确诊或疑似甲型流感暴发期间出现流感样症状的高危人群使用金刚烷胺。
