School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal , Québec, Canada.
Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Saguenay, Canada.
J Sports Sci. 2021 Feb;39(3):341-350. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1822585. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
This study examined socioeconomic and gender-based disparities in motor competence (MC) amongst 6-12-year-old children (N = 2654). Validated product-oriented tests assessing agility, balance and coordination were used to measure MC. School-level socioeconomic status (low, middle, high) was used to assess socioeconomic disparities. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted and odds ratios were calculated for the likelihood of having low MC by gender and socioeconomic status (SES). Girls displayed lower MC than boys for agility and coordination involving object-control ( ) while boys scored lower than girls for balance and hand-foot coordination ( ). Children in high SES schools displayed the highest level of MC for agility, balance and coordination ( ). Compared to the children in high SES schools, odds of having low competence in balance was higher for the children in low SES schools and odds of having low competence in agility and coordination were higher for the children in both low and middle SES schools. Newell's model of constraints (1986) and Bourdieu's concept of habitus (1984) were used to consider potential explanations of the observed disparities. To level up inequalities in children's MC, resources invested in school-based interventions should be proportionate to the school SES.
本研究调查了 6-12 岁儿童（N=2654 人）在运动能力（MC）方面的社会经济和性别差异。使用经过验证的面向产品的测试来评估敏捷性、平衡和协调性，以衡量 MC。使用学校层面的社会经济地位（低、中、高）来评估社会经济差异。进行协方差分析（ANCOVA），并计算性别和社会经济地位（SES）对 MC 较低可能性的优势比。女孩在涉及物体控制的敏捷性和协调性方面的 MC 低于男孩（），而男孩在平衡和手脚协调性方面的得分低于女孩（）。SES 较高的学校的孩子在敏捷性、平衡和协调性方面表现出最高水平的 MC（）。与 SES 较高的学校的孩子相比，SES 较低的学校的孩子在平衡方面能力较低的可能性较高，而 SES 较低和中等的学校的孩子在敏捷性和协调性方面能力较低的可能性较高。本研究使用 Newell 的约束模型（1986）和 Bourdieu 的习惯概念（1984）来考虑观察到的差异的潜在解释。为了缩小儿童 MC 不平等的差距，应该根据学校 SES 来合理分配投入到基于学校的干预措施中的资源。
