Cropper Maureen L, Guttikunda Sarath, Jawahar Puja, Lazri Zachary, Malik Kabir, Song Xiao-Peng, Yao Xinlu
Maureen L. Cropper, Department of Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C. 20036, USA.
Sarath Guttikunda: UrbanEmissions.Info, New Delhi, India.
J Benefit Cost Anal. 2019;10(Suppl 1):185-205. doi: 10.1017/bca.2018.27. Epub 2019 Dec 27.
Air pollution is a persistent and well-established public health problem in India: emissions from coal-fired power plants have been associated with over 80,000 premature deaths in 2015. Premature deaths could rise by four to five times this number by 2050 without additional pollution controls. We site a model 500 MW coal-fired electricity generating unit at eight locations in India and examine the benefits and costs of retrofitting the plant with a flue-gas desulfurization unit to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. We quantify the mortality benefits associated with the reduction in sulfates (fine particles) and value these benefits using estimates of the value per statistical life transferred to India from high income countries. The net benefits of scrubbing vary widely by location, reflecting differences in the size of the exposed population. They are highest at locations in the densely populated north of India, which are also among the poorest states in the country.
2015年，燃煤发电厂的排放导致了超过8万例过早死亡。如果不增加污染控制措施，到2050年过早死亡人数可能会增至这个数字的四到五倍。我们在印度的八个地点设置了一个500兆瓦的燃煤发电机组模型，并研究了为该电厂加装烟气脱硫装置以减少二氧化硫排放的收益和成本。我们对与硫酸盐（细颗粒物）减少相关的死亡减少收益进行了量化，并使用从高收入国家转移到印度的统计生命价值估计值对这些收益进行估值。洗涤的净收益因地点而异，反映了受影响人口规模的差异。在印度人口密集的北部地区，这些地区也是该国最贫困的邦之一，洗涤的净收益最高。
