Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy -
Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Federico II University, Naples, Italy -
Minerva Endocrinol (Torino). 2021 Dec;46(4):441-452. doi: 10.23736/S2724-6507.20.03266-6. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
Breast cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer worldwide and the most commonly occurring malignancy in women, and its incidence is increasing in most developed and developing countries. There is growing evidence that lifestyle factors, in particular diet may be associated with higher breast cancer risk. Some evidence exists regarding the benefit of Mediterranean diet on reduced risk of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The protective effect of the Mediterranean diet against the risk of breast cancer, is primarily due to principal foods of this nutritional pattern. The principal components of the Mediterranean diet, such as fruits and vegetables, olive oil, fish and red wine have important antioxidants properties due to their high content of substances like polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and fibers, along with a favorable fatty acid profile, that in turn could reduce the risk of breast cancer. Considering the severity of breast cancer and the increasing incidence in the world, there is an increasing interest in promoting prevention strategies in order to reduce the incidence. The aim of this paper is to provide a general overview of the current evidence on the relationship between breast cancer and Mediterranean diet, in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and to emphasize the potential role of Mediterranean Diet as an effective tool in primary prevention. The possible molecular mechanisms underlying this association will be also pointed out.
乳腺癌是全球第二大常见癌症类型，也是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，在大多数发达国家和发展中国家的发病率都在上升。越来越多的证据表明，生活方式因素，特别是饮食，可能与更高的乳腺癌风险有关。一些证据表明，地中海饮食可以降低绝经前和绝经后妇女患乳腺癌的风险。地中海饮食对乳腺癌风险的保护作用主要归因于这种营养模式的主要食物。地中海饮食的主要成分，如水果和蔬菜、橄榄油、鱼和红酒，由于其富含多酚、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和纤维等物质，以及有利的脂肪酸谱，具有重要的抗氧化特性，这反过来又可以降低乳腺癌的风险。鉴于乳腺癌的严重性和全球发病率的上升，人们越来越关注促进预防策略，以降低发病率。本文旨在综述绝经前和绝经后妇女乳腺癌与地中海饮食关系的现有证据，并强调地中海饮食作为一种有效的一级预防工具的潜在作用。还将指出这种关联的可能分子机制。
