Poddighe Dimitri, Aljofan Mohamad
Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan.
Antivir Chem Chemother. 2020 Jan-Dec;28:2040206620961712. doi: 10.1177/2040206620961712.
Macrolides are a large group of antibiotics characterised by the presence of a macro-lactone ring of variable size. The prototype of macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin was first produced by and associated species more than half a century ago; other related drugs were developed. These drugs have been shown to have several pharmacological properties: in addition to their antibiotic activity, they possess some anti-inflammatory properties and have been also considered against non-bacterial infections. In this review, we analysed the available clinical evidences regarding the potential anti-viral activity of macrolides, by focusing on erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. Overall, there is no significant evidences so far that macrolides might have a direct benefit on most of viral infections considered in this review (RSV, Influenza, coronaviruses, Ebola and Zika viruses). However, their clinical benefit cannot be ruled out without further and focused clinical studies. Macrolides may improve the clinical course of viral respiratory infections somehow, at least through indirect mechanisms relying on some and variable anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory effects, in addition to their well-known antibacterial activity.
大环内酯类是一大类抗生素，其特征是存在大小可变的大环内酯环。大环内酯类抗生素的原型红霉素是半个多世纪前由链霉菌属及相关菌种首次生产的；随后开发了其他相关药物。这些药物已显示出多种药理特性：除了具有抗生素活性外，它们还具有一些抗炎特性，并且也被认为可用于治疗非细菌性感染。在本综述中，我们通过聚焦于红霉素、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素，分析了有关大环内酯类潜在抗病毒活性的现有临床证据。总体而言，目前尚无显著证据表明大环内酯类对本综述中考虑的大多数病毒感染（呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒、冠状病毒、埃博拉病毒和寨卡病毒）可能有直接益处。然而，在没有进一步针对性临床研究的情况下，不能排除它们的临床益处。大环内酯类可能至少通过依赖一些可变的抗炎和/或免疫调节作用的间接机制，在某种程度上改善病毒性呼吸道感染的临床病程，此外它们还具有众所周知的抗菌活性。
