Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Nutr Rev. 2021 Apr 7;79(5):574-584. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa071.
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, and the children of women who are obese during pregnancy are at greatest risk. This risk may be mediated by exaggeration of the normal insulin resistance of pregnancy. Omega-3 (n-3) fats are insulin sensitizing. Supplementation during pregnancy may reduce metabolic risk and adiposity in the children. Though results from animal studies are encouraging, completed clinical trials have not demonstrated this benefit. However, to our knowledge, previous studies have not targeted women who are overweight or obese while pregnant-the group at greatest risk for insulin resistance and most likely to benefit from n-3. In this narrative review, the importance of performing clinical trials restricted to women who are overweight or obese is discussed, as is the potential importance of n-3 dose, oil source and quality, and the timing of the intervention.
儿童肥胖症的患病率在全球范围内不断上升，而孕妇肥胖的女性所生的孩子面临的风险最大。这种风险可能是通过夸大妊娠期间正常的胰岛素抵抗来介导的。ω-3（n-3）脂肪具有胰岛素增敏作用。在怀孕期间补充可能会降低儿童的代谢风险和肥胖程度。尽管来自动物研究的结果令人鼓舞，但已完成的临床试验并未证明这一益处。然而，据我们所知，以前的研究并未针对怀孕期间超重或肥胖的妇女进行——这些妇女是胰岛素抵抗风险最大、最有可能从 n-3 中受益的人群。在这篇叙述性综述中，讨论了仅针对超重或肥胖孕妇进行临床试验的重要性，以及 n-3 剂量、油源和质量以及干预时间的潜在重要性。
