Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J Clin Nurs. 2020 Dec;29(23-24):4697-4707. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15510. Epub 2020 Oct 11.
To document the nature of industry-authored educational materials focused on oral health; and analyse how they construct the relationships between nurses and industry.
Nurses frequently rely on pharmaceutical and medical device companies for continuing education. However, industry-sponsored education is a key aspect of multi-faceted promotional campaigns and may introduce bias into clinical decision-making.
Critical qualitative content analysis reported according to the COREQ checklist.
We purposively sampled educational documents from the websites of 4 major manufacturers of oral health products for acute care. Two researchers analysed each document using an open-ended coding form. We conducted an interpretive analysis using inductive coding methods.
We included 63 documents that emphasised the importance of education in the form of training, expert guidance, evidence syntheses and protocols to support oral care practices. Industry promoted its relationship with nursing as an oral health authority through three dominant messages: (1) Pneumonia is a source of morbidity, mortality and treatment costs, which informed nurses about a critical problem; (2) Comprehensive oral care reduces pneumonia risk, which instructed nurses about product-oriented solutions; and (3) Frequent oral care is important, which emphasised compliance to standardised protocols. These messages formed an accountability logic that prompted clinicians to address a problem for which the company's products served as a solution. In doing so, industry validated dominant administrative concerns including compliance, while promoting product uptake.
Industry-authored educational materials may promote industry interests, rather than nursing or patient agendas. Dependence on industry's information and product solutions may have unintended, negative consequences for nursing practice.
Though industry's educational materials present as convenient, helpful and evidence-based, they may serve to redirect care processes in ways that reinforce company goals rather than clinical priorities. Nurses should seek independent sources of continuing education where possible.
记录以口腔健康为重点的行业编写的教育材料的性质；并分析它们如何构建护士与行业之间的关系。
护士经常依赖制药和医疗器械公司进行继续教育。然而，行业赞助的教育是多方面促销活动的一个关键方面，可能会给临床决策带来偏见。
根据 COREQ 清单报告批判性定性内容分析。
我们从四大口腔保健产品制造商的网站上有目的地抽取了教育文件。两名研究人员使用开放式编码表分析了每份文件。我们使用归纳编码方法进行解释性分析。
我们共纳入了 63 份文件，这些文件强调了教育的重要性，形式包括培训、专家指导、证据综合和方案，以支持口腔保健实践。行业通过三个主要信息来促进其与护理的口腔健康权威关系：（1）肺炎是发病率、死亡率和治疗成本的根源，这使护士了解到一个关键问题；（2）全面的口腔护理可降低肺炎风险，这为护士提供了针对产品的解决方案；（3）经常进行口腔护理很重要，这强调了对标准化方案的遵守。这些信息形成了一种问责逻辑，促使临床医生解决公司产品可作为解决方案的问题。这样做，行业验证了包括合规性在内的主导行政问题，同时促进了产品的采用。
行业编写的教育材料可能会促进行业利益，而不是护理或患者的利益。对行业信息和产品解决方案的依赖可能会对护理实践产生意想不到的负面影响。
尽管行业的教育材料看起来方便、有帮助且基于证据，但它们可能会以强化公司目标而非临床优先事项的方式重新引导护理流程。护士应尽可能寻求独立的继续教育来源。
