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范式之间的交汇点:英国精神能力法与《残疾人权利公约》

At the Interface Between Paradigms: English Mental Capacity Law and the CRPD.

作者信息

Bartlett Peter

机构信息

School of Law and Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Front Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 2;11:570735. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.570735. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is rightly seen as a break from the past in mental capacity law. At the same time, implementation will occur in the specific existing legal and administrative contexts of each State. This article uses English mental capacity law to explore these issues. The English Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) can be considered the best of the "old" paradigm. The article argues that there are continuities between it and a CRPD-compliant approach. These continuities should be built upon. Further, the implementation of the MCA is still in recent memory. The lessons of that implementation will have considerable application to moves toward CRPD compliance. CRPD compliance is not just about specialist stator guardianship régimes. It is also about a myriad of law, currently capacity based, located in specific legal areas such as contract, wills and succession, and criminal law. Reform in these areas will involve not just disability law, but successful integration into those other legal areas, a matter requiring the involvement of those knowledgeable in those other areas. Since change in these areas will involve the removal of disability as a gateway criterion, they will affect the public as a whole, and the thus, determination of the degree and sort of intervention that the broader public will consider appropriate.

摘要

《联合国残疾人权利公约》(CRPD)被恰当地视为精神行为能力法律方面的一次突破。与此同时,该公约将在各国现有的具体法律和行政背景下实施。本文运用英国精神行为能力法来探讨这些问题。英国2005年《精神行为能力法》(MCA)可被视为“旧”模式中的最佳范例。本文认为,它与符合《联合国残疾人权利公约》的方法之间存在连续性。应在此基础上加以发展。此外,《精神行为能力法》的实施仍记忆犹新。该实施过程中的经验教训将在很大程度上适用于向符合《联合国残疾人权利公约》的转变。符合《联合国残疾人权利公约》不仅仅关乎专门的法定监护制度。它还涉及众多目前基于行为能力、存在于诸如合同、遗嘱与继承以及刑法等特定法律领域的法律。这些领域的改革不仅涉及残疾人法,还涉及成功融入其他法律领域,这需要其他领域的专业人士参与。由于这些领域的变革将涉及消除将残疾作为准入标准的做法,它们将影响到全体公众,进而影响到广大公众认为合适的干预程度和类型的判定。

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