Sinha Tirthankar, Naash Muna I, Al-Ubaidi Muayyad R
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Aug 27;8:861. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00861. eCollection 2020.
Derivatives of the vitamin riboflavin, FAD and FMN, are essential cofactors in a multitude of bio-energetic reactions, indispensable for lipid metabolism and also are requisites in mitigating oxidative stress. Given that a balance between all these processes contributes to the maintenance of retinal homeostasis, effective regulation of riboflavin levels in the retina is paramount. However, various genetic and dietary factors have brought to fore pathological conditions that co-occur with a suboptimal level of flavins in the retina. Our focus in this review is to, comprehensively summarize all the possible metabolic and oxidative reactions which have been implicated in various retinal pathologies and to highlight the contribution flavins may have played in these. Recent research has found a sensitive method of measuring flavins in both diseased and healthy retina, presence of a novel flavin binding protein exclusively expressed in the retina, and the presence of flavin specific transporters in both the inner and outer blood-retina barriers. In light of these exciting findings, it is even more imperative to shift our focus on how the retina regulates its flavin homeostasis and what happens when this is disrupted.
维生素核黄素的衍生物黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）和黄素单核苷酸（FMN）是众多生物能量反应中必不可少的辅助因子，对脂质代谢不可或缺，也是减轻氧化应激的必要条件。鉴于所有这些过程之间的平衡有助于维持视网膜内环境稳定，有效调节视网膜中的核黄素水平至关重要。然而，各种遗传和饮食因素已引发了与视网膜中黄素水平欠佳同时出现的病理状况。本综述的重点是全面总结所有可能与各种视网膜病变相关的代谢和氧化反应，并强调黄素在其中可能发挥的作用。最近的研究发现了一种在患病和健康视网膜中测量黄素的灵敏方法，发现了一种仅在视网膜中特异性表达的新型黄素结合蛋白，以及在内、外血视网膜屏障中都存在黄素特异性转运蛋白。鉴于这些令人兴奋的发现，我们更有必要将重点转移到视网膜如何调节其黄素内环境稳定以及这种稳定被破坏时会发生什么。
