Anuarbek Shynar, Abugalieva Saule, Pecchioni Nicola, Laidò Giovanni, Maccaferri Marco, Tuberosa Roberto, Turuspekov Yerlan
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
PLoS One. 2020 Jun 23;15(6):e0234863. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234863. eCollection 2020.
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is one of the top crops in Kazakhstan, where it is cultivated in different ecological niches, mainly at higher latitudes in the steppe zone of the northern region. Therefore, local breeding programs for durum wheat are primarily focused on selection for high productivity in Northern Kazakhstan based on the introduction of promising foreign germplasm and the adoption of marker-assisted selection. In this study, a world tetraploid wheat collection consisted of 184 primitive and domesticated accessions, which were previously genotyped using 16,425 polymorphic SNP markers, was field-tested in Northern and South-eastern Kazakhstan. The field tests have allowed the identification of 80 durum wheat promising lines in Northern Kazakhstan in comparison with a local standard cultivar. Also, GGE (Genotype and Genotype by Environment) biplot analyses for yield performance revealed that accessions of T. dicoccum, T. carthlicum, and T. turanicum also have potential to improve durum wheat yield in the region. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) has allowed the identification of 83 MTAs (marker-trait associations) for heading date, seed maturation time, plant height, spike length, number of fertile spikes, number of kernels per spike, and thousand kernel weight. The comparison of the 83 identified MTAs with those previously reported in GWAS for durum wheat suggests that 38 MTAs are presumably novel, while the co-localization of a large number of MTAs with those previously published confirms the validity of the results of this study. The MTAs reported herewith will provide the opportunity to implement marker-assisted selection in ongoing durum wheat breeding projects targeting higher productivity in the region.
硬粒小麦（Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum）是哈萨克斯坦的主要作物之一，在该国不同的生态位种植，主要分布在北部地区草原带的较高纬度地区。因此，硬粒小麦的本地育种计划主要集中在哈萨克斯坦北部，基于引进有前景的外来种质和采用标记辅助选择来选育高产品种。在本研究中，一个由184份原始和驯化材料组成的世界四倍体小麦收集群体，此前已使用16425个多态性SNP标记进行了基因分型，在哈萨克斯坦北部和东南部进行了田间试验。田间试验已在哈萨克斯坦北部与当地标准品种相比，鉴定出80个硬粒小麦优良品系。此外，产量表现的GGE（基因型与环境互作）双标图分析表明，二粒小麦、圆锥小麦和图兰小麦的材料在该地区也有提高硬粒小麦产量的潜力。全基因组关联研究（GWAS）已鉴定出83个与抽穗期、种子成熟时间、株高、穗长、有效穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重相关的标记-性状关联（MTA）。将鉴定出的83个MTA与此前硬粒小麦GWAS报道的MTA进行比较表明，38个MTA可能是新发现的，而大量MTA与此前发表的MTA共定位证实了本研究结果的有效性。本文报道的MTA将为正在进行的旨在提高该地区硬粒小麦产量的育种项目中实施标记辅助选择提供机会。
