Department of Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Security Studies, Polish Air Force Academy, Dywizjonu 303 street, no 35, Dęblin, 08-521, Poland.
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2019 Oct;45(5):815-820. doi: 10.1007/s00068-019-01093-6. Epub 2019 Feb 12.
The article presents the epidemiology of road traffic injuries and fatalities in Poland in the years 2004-2014. In Poland, every fourth death caused by external reasons is the result of a road traffic crash and Poland has one of the highest road fatality rates in relation to vehicle ownership in Europe, with an average 23 deaths per million residents. This rate is two times higher than most other European Union countries.
The research is based on a secondary analysis of data contained in multiple Polish governmental reports, including those of the Prevention and Analysis Office of Road Traffic Headquarters of Police, National Road Safety Program-GAMBIT 2005, National Road Safety Program 2013 to 2020, and Strategy for Efficient State in 2020, plus previous publications describing road safety in Poland. Data were analysed in two steps. First, the data were described using means and frequencies, and tabulated according to variables. Second, we considered the time frame (day, month, and year of the occurrence), the place and the circumstances of fatal road crashes, the kind of event, and types of road crashes.
Between 2004 and 2014, there were 475,591 traffic crashes on Polish roads. 52,217 people were killed and 597,191 people were injured. Traffic-related injuries represent the leading cause of death for Polish men up to 44 years of age. The most common cause of road crashes in Poland was failure to comply with the rules of the road traffic, such as through excessive speeding. We also found drivers poorly assessed road situations, faced a lack of adequate road infrastructure, and maintained many vehicles in poor condition.
Despite the variety of measures undertaken to improve safety on Polish roads, including modifications of the law as well as improving road quality, the number of fatalities and injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes is still considerable, and the losses incurred by Polish society are still substantial.
The number of fatalities and injuries as a result of road crashes in Poland remains very high. Multifaceted action to improve safety on the roads in Poland should continue.
本文介绍了 2004-2014 年波兰道路交通伤害和死亡的流行病学情况。在波兰，每四个因外部原因导致的死亡中，就有一个是道路交通碰撞造成的，波兰的道路死亡率在欧洲与车辆拥有量有关的国家中是最高的之一，每百万居民中有 23 人死亡。这一比率是大多数其他欧盟国家的两倍。
本研究基于对波兰政府多份报告中包含的数据的二次分析，包括警察总部道路交通预防和分析办公室、2005 年国家道路安全计划-GAMBIT、2013 至 2020 年国家道路安全计划以及 2020 年高效国家战略，以及之前描述波兰道路安全的出版物。数据分两步进行分析。首先，使用平均值和频率描述数据，并根据变量制表。其次，我们考虑了时间框架（发生的日期、月份和年份）、地点和致命道路碰撞的情况、事件的性质以及道路碰撞的类型。
2004 年至 2014 年，波兰道路上发生了 475591 起交通事故。有 52217 人死亡，597191 人受伤。与交通相关的伤害是波兰 44 岁以下男性死亡的主要原因。波兰道路碰撞的最常见原因是违反道路交通规则，例如超速行驶。我们还发现司机未能正确评估道路状况，面临道路基础设施不足，以及许多车辆状况不佳的问题。
尽管波兰采取了多种措施来提高道路安全，包括修改法律和改善道路质量，但机动车事故造成的死亡和伤害人数仍然相当可观，波兰社会遭受的损失仍然很大。
波兰道路交通事故造成的死亡和伤害人数仍然很高。波兰应继续采取多方面行动来改善道路安全。
