Ó Laoghaire Tadhg
Inter-Disciplinary Ethics Applied (IDEA) Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Res Publica. 2020;26(4):461-479. doi: 10.1007/s11158-020-09482-0. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
This essay asks what it is about the practice of trade that grounds duties of justice between states as trade partners. The answer advanced is that such duties are grounded in the dependence that trade generates. The essay puts forward four conditions that a plausible account of grounding in trade must meet: it must admit of degrees, explain the distinctly international character of trade justice, ground both procedural and distributive duties, and it must be a necessary feature of all trade relationships which generate duties of justice. A dependence account of grounding meets all four conditions, and does so in an intuitively compelling way. While other accounts of what grounds duties of trade justice can meet some of the conditions, none can meet all of them. Relative to rival candidates, then, the dependence account provides a firmer foundation for the ongoing attempts to develop a comprehensive theory of trade justice.
本文探讨贸易实践中的何种因素构成了作为贸易伙伴的国家之间的正义义务。提出的答案是，此类义务基于贸易所产生的依赖性。本文提出了一个关于贸易中合理的基础解释必须满足的四个条件：它必须有程度之分，解释贸易正义独特的国际特征，为程序义务和分配义务提供基础，并且它必须是所有产生正义义务的贸易关系的必要特征。基于依赖性的解释满足所有这四个条件，而且是以一种直观上令人信服的方式做到的。虽然关于贸易正义义务基础的其他解释可以满足某些条件，但没有一种能满足所有条件。那么，相对于其他竞争候选解释，基于依赖性的解释为正在进行的构建全面贸易正义理论的尝试提供了更坚实的基础。
