Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2020 Nov 24;44(6):804-820. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa033.
Lactococcus lactis serves as a paradigm organism for the lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Extensive research into the molecular biology, metabolism and physiology of several model strains of this species has been fundamental for our understanding of the LAB. Genomic studies have provided new insights into the species L. lactis, including the resolution of the genetic basis of its subspecies division, as well as the control mechanisms involved in the fine-tuning of growth rate and energy metabolism. In addition, it has enabled novel approaches to study lactococcal lifestyle adaptations to the dairy application environment, including its adjustment to near-zero growth rates that are particularly relevant in the context of cheese ripening. This review highlights various insights in these areas and exemplifies the strength of combining experimental evolution with functional genomics and bacterial physiology research to expand our fundamental understanding of the L. lactis lifestyle under different environmental conditions.
乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）是乳酸菌（LAB）的典范生物。对该物种的几种模式菌株的分子生物学、代谢和生理学的广泛研究，对于我们理解 LAB 至关重要。基因组研究为乳球菌提供了新的见解，包括解决其亚种划分的遗传基础，以及涉及精细调节生长速度和能量代谢的控制机制。此外，它还为研究乳球菌适应乳品应用环境的生活方式提供了新的方法，包括其对接近零生长速率的调整，这在奶酪成熟的背景下尤为重要。本文综述了这些领域的各种见解，并举例说明了将实验进化与功能基因组学和细菌生理学研究相结合，以扩展我们对不同环境条件下乳球菌生活方式的基本理解的优势。
