Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2020 Sep 29;15(9):e0239631. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239631. eCollection 2020.
Hostility and other related terms like anger and aggression are often used interchangeably to describe antagonistic affect, cognition, and behavior. Psychometric studies suggest that hostility consists of multiple separate factors, but consensus is currently lacking. In the present study we examined the hierarchical structure of hostility. The hierarchical structure of hostility was examined in N = 376 people (i.e., a mixed community and highly hostile sample), using both specific and broad hostility self-report measures. A series of Principal Components Analyses revealed the structure of hostility at five levels of specificity. At intermediate levels, hostility can consistently be expressed in affective, cognitive, and behavioral components. At the most specific level, hostility can be expressed in terms of Angry Affect; Hostile Intent; and Verbal, Relational, and Physical Aggression. The pattern of associations showed significant convergence, and some divergence with broad and more specific hostility measures. The present findings stress the need for novel instruments that capture each hostility facet separately to reduce conceptual confounding.
敌意和其他相关术语，如愤怒和攻击，通常被交替使用来描述敌对的情感、认知和行为。心理测量研究表明，敌意由多个独立的因素组成，但目前还缺乏共识。在本研究中，我们研究了敌意的层次结构。使用特定和广泛的敌意自我报告测量方法，在 N = 376 人（即混合社区和高度敌对的样本）中检查了敌意的层次结构。一系列主成分分析揭示了敌意在五个特异性水平上的结构。在中间水平，敌意可以一致地以情感、认知和行为成分来表达。在最具体的水平上，敌意可以用愤怒情绪、敌意意图以及言语、关系和身体攻击来表达。关联模式显示出显著的收敛，与广泛和更具体的敌意测量也存在一些分歧。本研究结果强调需要有新颖的工具，分别捕捉每个敌意方面，以减少概念混淆。
