Wang Shuting, Gao Yifan, Jin Qiao, Ji Jian
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Biomater Sci. 2020 Dec 15;8(24):6825-6839. doi: 10.1039/d0bm00974a.
Antibiotic therapy is the most powerful strategy for treating bacterial infections in clinic. However, antibiotic resistance has become one of the biggest threats to public health worldwide due to the misuse and abuse of antibiotics. What is worse, the speed of the discovery of new antibiotics is largely hysteretic compared to the growth of antibiotic resistance. The world is on the threshold of the "post-antibiotic era". Nanomaterials have shown great potential in restoring the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics by different mechanisms, including optimizing pharmacokinetics, improving antibiotic internalization, interfering with bacterial metabolism, enhancing biofilm penetration, changing biofilm microenvironments, and so on. The combination of nanotechnology and antibiotics would be the most promising strategy to cope with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this review, the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are introduced and the recent strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics to combat drug resistance using nanomaterials are summarized. The advantages and mechanisms of nanoparticle-based antibiotics are overviewed as well. Moreover, the challenges of nano-antibiotics in clinical applications have also been discussed.
抗生素疗法是临床上治疗细菌感染最有效的策略。然而，由于抗生素的滥用和误用，抗生素耐药性已成为全球公共卫生面临的最大威胁之一。更糟糕的是，与抗生素耐药性的增长相比，新型抗生素的发现速度在很大程度上滞后。世界正处于“后抗生素时代”的边缘。纳米材料已通过不同机制在恢复传统抗生素的抗菌活性方面显示出巨大潜力，这些机制包括优化药代动力学、改善抗生素内化、干扰细菌代谢、增强生物膜穿透、改变生物膜微环境等。纳米技术与抗生素的结合将是应对耐药细菌最有前景的策略。在这篇综述中，介绍了抗生素耐药性的机制，并总结了近年来使用纳米材料提高抗生素治疗效果以对抗耐药性的策略。还概述了基于纳米颗粒的抗生素的优势和作用机制。此外，还讨论了纳米抗生素在临床应用中的挑战。
