Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK.
Br Med Bull. 2020 Oct 14;135(1):108-125. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa021.
The term neurodiversity is defined and discussed from the perspectives of neuroscience, psychology and campaigners with lived experience, illustrating the development of aetiological theories for included neurodevelopmental disorders. The emerging discourse is discussed with relevance to adults, social inclusion, occupational performance and the legislative obligations of organizations.
Literature is reviewed from medicine, psychiatry, psychology, sociology and popular press. No new data are presented in this article.
There is consensus regarding some neurodevelopmental conditions being classed as neurominorities, with a 'spiky profile' of executive functions difficulties juxtaposed against neurocognitive strengths as a defining characteristic.
The developing nomenclature is debated and the application of disability status versus naturally occurring difference. Diagnosis and legal protections vary geographically, resulting in heretofore unclear guidance for practitioners and employers.
The evolutionary critique of the medical model, recognizing and updating clinical approaches considering the emerging consensus and paradigmatic shift.
It is recommended that research addresses more functional, occupational concerns and includes the experiences of stakeholders in research development, moving away from diagnosis and deficit towards multi-disciplinary collaboration within a biopsychosocial model.
本文从神经科学、心理学和有亲身经历的活动家的角度来定义和讨论神经多样性的概念，阐述了纳入神经发育障碍的病因理论的发展。本文将结合成人、社会包容、职业表现以及组织的立法义务等方面来讨论新兴话语。
本文的文献综述来自医学、精神病学、心理学、社会学和大众媒体。本文未提出新的数据。
人们对某些神经发育障碍被归类为神经少数群体存在共识，这些障碍具有“突出的执行功能障碍”特征，与神经认知优势形成鲜明对比。
正在讨论正在发展的命名法，以及残疾状态与自然差异的应用。诊断和法律保护在地理上存在差异，导致目前对从业者和雇主来说指导方针不够明确。
正在对医学模式进行进化批判，认识到并更新临床方法，考虑到新兴共识和范式转变。
建议研究更多地关注功能和职业方面的问题，并纳入利益相关者在研究发展中的经验，从诊断和缺陷转向生物心理社会模式下的多学科合作。
