Dwyer Patrick
Center for Mind and Brain, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Hum Dev. 2022 May;66(2):73-92. doi: 10.1159/000523723. Epub 2022 Feb 22.
This paper presents the concepts of "neurodiversity" and the "neurodiversity approaches" towards disability and discusses how confusion regarding the meaning of these concepts exacerbates debate and conflict surrounding the neurodiversity approaches. For example, some claim the neurodiversity approaches focus solely on society and deny contributions of individual characteristics to disability (a controversial stance), whereas this paper joins other literature in acknowledging the contributions of both individual and society to disability. This paper also addresses other controversies related to neurodiversity, such as uncertainty regarding the scope of the approaches - to whom do they apply? - and their implications for diagnostic categories. Finally, it provides recommendations for developmental researchers who wish to carry out neurodiversity-aligned research: scholars are urged to study both individual neurodivergent people and the contexts around them; to consider both strengths and weaknesses; to recognize their own biases; and to listen to and learn from neurodivergent people.
本文介绍了“神经多样性”的概念以及针对残疾的“神经多样性方法”，并讨论了这些概念含义上的混淆如何加剧围绕神经多样性方法的争论和冲突。例如，一些人声称神经多样性方法仅关注社会，否认个体特征对残疾的影响（这是一个有争议的立场），而本文与其他文献一致，承认个体和社会对残疾都有影响。本文还讨论了与神经多样性相关的其他争议，例如这些方法的适用范围——它们适用于谁？——以及它们对诊断类别的影响。最后，本文为希望开展与神经多样性一致的研究的发展研究人员提供了建议：敦促学者既要研究个体神经差异者，也要研究他们周围的环境；既要考虑优势，也要考虑劣势；要认识到自己的偏见；并倾听神经差异者的意见并向他们学习。
