Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
DK Eco V Environmental Microbiology Lab., Cheonan, 31075, Republic of Korea.
J Microbiol. 2020 Nov;58(11):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12275-020-0231-0. Epub 2020 Oct 30.
Waterborne diseases have critical public health issues and socioeconomic relevancy worldwide. Various viral pathogens are ordinarily associated with waterborne diseases. Six-year-surveillance (a total of 20 times) of norovirus, hepatitis A virus, group C rotavirus, and enterovirus was conducted at five raw water sampling sites including two lakes (Lakes Soyang and Juam), Hyundo region of Geum River in Daejeon City, and Guui region of Han River in Seoul Metropolitan City and Moolgeum region of Nakdong River in Gimhae City which are located near two water intake plants. In this study, we routinely investigated virus contamination in water samples through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and integrated cell culture RT-PCR with high sensitivity and specificity. A total 100 samples were tested. Most of the targeted viruses were found in 32% of the samples and at least one of the indicator bacteria was detected in 65% of these occurrences. Among all the detected viruses, enterovirus was the most prevalent with a detection frequency of 12% and 2.71 MPN/10 L on average, while hepatitis A virus was the least prevalent with a detection frequency of 4%. Nearly all of the analyzed viruses (except for group C rotavirus) were present in samples from Han River (the Guui region), Geum River (the Hyundo region), Lake Juam, and Nakdong River (the Moolgeum region), while group C rotavirus was detected in those from the Guui region. During the six-year sampling period, the targeted waterborne viruses in water samples exhibited seasonal patterns in their occurrence that were different from the indicator bacteria levels in the water samples. The fact that they were detected in the five representative Korean water environments makes it necessary to establish the chemical and biological analysis systems for waterborne viruses and sophisticated management systems.
水媒疾病具有重要的公共卫生问题和全球社会经济相关性。各种病毒病原体通常与水媒疾病有关。在大田市的 Geum 河的 Hyundo 地区和首尔市的 Han 河的 Guui 地区以及金海市的 Nakdong 河的 Moolgeum 地区的两个原水取水口附近的五个原水采样点，对诺如病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、C 组轮状病毒和肠病毒进行了六年的监测（总共 20 次）。在这项研究中，我们通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和整合细胞培养 RT-PCR 常规调查水样中的病毒污染，具有高灵敏度和特异性。共测试了 100 个样本。大多数目标病毒存在于 32%的样本中，在这些情况下，至少有 1 种指示菌存在于 65%的样本中。在所检测到的病毒中，肠病毒最为常见，其检出率为 12%，平均浓度为 2.71 MPN/10L，而甲型肝炎病毒的检出率最低，为 4%。除 C 组轮状病毒外，几乎所有分析的病毒（除 C 组轮状病毒外）都存在于汉江（Gui 地区）、Geum 河（Hyundo 地区）、Jua 湖和 Nakdong 河（Moolgeum 地区）的样本中，而 C 组轮状病毒则存在于 Guui 地区的样本中。在六年的采样期间，水样中的目标水媒病毒的出现呈现出与水样中指示菌水平不同的季节性模式。它们在五个具有代表性的韩国水环境中被检测到，这使得有必要建立水媒病毒的化学和生物分析系统以及复杂的管理系统。
