NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Int J Audiol. 2021 Mar;60(3):171-182. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2020.1827306. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
Tinnitus and stress are recurrently reported together. The strength and direction of this relationship is not clear. The aim of this review is to catalogue the evidence of this relationship, how it has been described in adults and which instruments were used.
Five-stage framework was followed. An online search of databases and published journals were conducted. The main inclusion criteria were original studies published in English and conducted in an adult human population, in which both tinnitus and stress were measured using different instruments.
5699 records were identified in the searching stage and 50 studies were eligible for data extraction.
Measurements of perceived stress were most frequently used. Tinnitus patients tend to report louder and more bothersome tinnitus when they are stressed, but not all tinnitus patients associated stress with the onset or the severity of their tinnitus. Any positive correlation reported between stress and tinnitus levels varied in strength according to the used instrument. Post-intervention changes in stress and tinnitus levels showed inconsistency.
There is considerable room for further research to study the relationship between stress and tinnitus. We highlight principal issues that should be considered in future studies.
耳鸣和压力经常同时出现。这种关系的强度和方向并不明确。本综述的目的是列出这种关系的证据，以及它在成年人中是如何描述的，以及使用了哪些工具。
采用五阶段框架。对数据库和已发表期刊进行了在线搜索。主要纳入标准是使用不同工具分别测量耳鸣和压力的原创研究，以英文发表并在成年人群中进行。
在搜索阶段共确定了 5699 条记录，有 50 项研究符合数据提取标准。
最常使用的是感知压力的测量方法。当感到有压力时，耳鸣患者往往会报告耳鸣声音更大且更恼人，但并非所有耳鸣患者都将压力与耳鸣的发生或严重程度联系起来。报告的压力与耳鸣水平之间的任何正相关关系，其强度因所用工具而异。干预后压力和耳鸣水平的变化不一致。
需要进一步研究来研究压力和耳鸣之间的关系。我们强调了未来研究中应考虑的主要问题。
