Development of Colonic Organoids Containing Enteric Nerves or Blood Vessels from Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

The increased interest in organoid research in recent years has contributed to an improved understanding of diseases that are currently untreatable. Various organoids, including kidney, brain, retina, liver, and spinal cord, have been successfully developed and serve as potential sources for regenerative medicine studies. However, the application of organoids has been limited by their lack of tissue components such as nerve and blood vessels that are essential to organ physiology. In this study, we used three-dimensional co-culture methods to develop colonic organoids that contained enteric nerves and blood vessels. The development of enteric nerves and blood vessels was confirmed phenotypically and genetically by the use of immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting. Colonic organoids that contain essential tissue components could serve as a useful model for the study of colon diseases and help to overcome current bottlenecks in colon disease research.