泰国食蟹猕猴中的疟原虫：长尾猕猴（Macaca arctoides）是间日疟原虫（Plasmodium knowlesi）、诺氏疟原虫（Plasmodium inui）、科泰氏疟原虫（Plasmodium coatneyi）和法氏疟原虫（Plasmodium fieldi）的新的天然宿主。
Malaria parasites in macaques in Thailand: stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) are new natural hosts for Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium coatneyi and Plasmodium fieldi.
机构信息
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
出版信息
Malar J. 2020 Oct 1;19(1):350. doi: 10.1186/s12936-020-03424-0.
BACKGROUND
Certain species of macaques are natural hosts of Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi, which can both cause malaria in humans, and Plasmodium inui, which can be experimentally transmitted to humans. A significant number of zoonotic malaria cases have been reported in humans throughout Southeast Asia, including Thailand. There have been only two studies undertaken in Thailand to identify malaria parasites in non-human primates in 6 provinces. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui, Plasmodium coatneyi and Plasmodium fieldi in non-human primates from 4 new locations in Thailand.
METHODS
A total of 93 blood samples from Macaca fascicularis, Macaca leonina and Macaca arctoides were collected from four locations in Thailand: 32 were captive M. fascicularis from Chachoengsao Province (CHA), 4 were wild M. fascicularis from Ranong Province (RAN), 32 were wild M. arctoides from Prachuap Kiri Khan Province (PRA), and 25 were wild M. leonina from Nakornratchasima Province (NAK). DNA was extracted from these samples and analysed by nested PCR assays to detect Plasmodium, and subsequently to detect P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven of the 93 (29%) samples were Plasmodium-positive by nested PCR assays. Among wild macaques, all 4 M. fascicularis at RAN were infected with malaria parasites followed by 50% of 32 M. arctoides at PRA and 20% of 25 M. leonina at NAK. Only 2 (6.3%) of the 32 captive M. fascicularis at CHA were malaria-positive. All 5 species of Plasmodium were detected and 16 (59.3%) of the 27 macaques had single infections, 9 had double and 2 had triple infections. The composition of Plasmodium species in macaques at each sampling site was different. Macaca arctoides from PRA were infected with P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence and species of Plasmodium varied among the wild and captive macaques, and between macaques at 4 sampling sites in Thailand. Macaca arctoides is a new natural host for P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. coatneyi and P. fieldi.
背景
某些猕猴物种是疟原虫 knowlesi 和疟原虫 cynomolgi 的天然宿主，这两种疟原虫都能引起人类疟疾，而疟原虫 inui 则可以通过实验传播给人类。东南亚包括泰国在内的许多国家都报告了大量的人畜共患疟疾病例。泰国只进行过两次研究，在 6 个省的非人类灵长类动物中鉴定疟原虫。本研究的目的是确定来自泰国 4 个新地点的食蟹猴、猕猴和长尾猕猴中非人类灵长类动物中疟原虫 knowlesi、疟原虫 cynomolgi、疟原虫 inui、疟原虫 coatneyi 和疟原虫 fieldi 的流行情况。
方法
从泰国四个地点采集了 93 份食蟹猴、猕猴和长尾猕猴的血样：32 份来自乍都乍府的圈养食蟹猴（CHA），4 份来自拉廊府的野生食蟹猴（RAN），32 份来自巴蜀府的野生长尾猕猴（PRA），25 份来自那空叻差是玛府的野生猕猴（NAK）。从这些样本中提取 DNA，通过巢式 PCR 检测来检测疟原虫，然后检测疟原虫 knowlesi、疟原虫 coatneyi、疟原虫 cynomolgi、疟原虫 inui 和疟原虫 fieldi。
结果
巢式 PCR 检测结果显示，93 份样本中有 27 份（29%）为疟原虫阳性。在野生猕猴中，RAN 的 4 只食蟹猴全部感染疟原虫，其次是 PRA 的 32 只长尾猕猴中有 50%感染，NAK 的 25 只猕猴中有 20%感染。只有 2 只（6.3%）来自 CHA 的 32 只圈养食蟹猴感染疟原虫。共检测到 5 种疟原虫，27 只猕猴中有 16 只（59.3%）为单感染，9 只为双感染，2 只为三感染。每个采样点的猕猴中疟原虫的种类不同。来自 PRA 的长尾猕猴感染了疟原虫 knowlesi、疟原虫 coatneyi、疟原虫 cynomolgi、疟原虫 inui 和疟原虫 fieldi。
结论
在泰国 4 个采样点的野生和圈养猕猴以及猕猴中，疟原虫的流行率和种类各不相同。长尾猕猴是疟原虫 knowlesi、疟原虫 inui、疟原虫 coatneyi 和疟原虫 fieldi 的新天然宿主。
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