Sun Shuo, Su Wenqi, Lin Christopher Q, Li Xiaorong, Yan Hua, Tian Bo, Lin Haijiang
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Discov Med. 2020 May-Jun;29(158):145-157.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly identified acute respiratory disease caused by a strain of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a worldwide pandemic. From December 2019 to present, millions of cases have been reported, bringing unprecedented pressure on both health and epidemic prevention services in every country. As frontline healthcare workers, ophthalmologists face an increased threat of viral infection, not only because of close contact with patients during examinations or operations, but also due to evidence showing that ocular fluids such as tears or conjunctival secretions may carry the virus. The risk that healthcare workers face is emphasized by the loss of our colleagues who have sacrificed themselves in combating the virus. As a result, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the threats that we face. In the first part of this review, we start by explaining the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and examining its transmission and means of infection. Next, we summarize the latest scientific advancements of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and current treatments of COVID-19. In the second half of the review, we emphasize the ocular transmission, symptomatic manifestations, and the essential knowledge in an ophthalmology clinic setting. As the pandemic of COVID-19 continues to pose a threat to global health, we hope that this review makes a contribution to combating COVID-19.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由一种新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）毒株引起的新发现的急性呼吸道疾病，已成为全球大流行疾病。从2019年12月至今，已报告了数百万病例，给每个国家的卫生和防疫服务带来了前所未有的压力。作为一线医护人员，眼科医生面临的病毒感染威胁增加，这不仅是因为在检查或手术过程中与患者密切接触，还因为有证据表明眼泪或结膜分泌物等眼内液体可能携带病毒。我们的同事在抗击病毒过程中牺牲，这凸显了医护人员所面临的风险。因此，有必要全面了解我们所面临的威胁。在本综述的第一部分，我们首先解释SARS-CoV-2的结构，并研究其传播和感染方式。接下来，我们总结COVID-19流行病学、临床表现和当前治疗方法的最新科学进展。在综述的后半部分，我们强调眼内传播、症状表现以及眼科门诊环境中的基本知识。由于COVID-19大流行继续对全球健康构成威胁，我们希望本综述能为抗击COVID-19做出贡献。
