National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
Corresponding Author.
Discov Med. 2020 May-Jun;29(158):169-180.
Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides that have attracted considerable attention due to their favorable biological characteristics. Aptamers can specifically target and bind to proteins or tumor cells, achieving tumor diagnosis and therapy in vitro and in vivo. Following an introduction of methodologies of producing aptamers and the recent advances of aptamers being applied to clinical samples or xenograft tumors, tumor diagnosis using aptamers will be reviewed, including fluorescence imaging, radionuclide-based imaging, MRI, histochemical imaging, and multimodality imaging. Preclinical applications in tumor therapy in vivo will also be discussed, covering different kinds of treatment mechanisms, including aptamer therapeutics, chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy. Safety and efficacy of tumor-targeting therapeutics via aptamers, as well as the current challenges and future perspectives about aptamers' clinical applications, will be summarized.
适配体是短的单链寡核苷酸，由于其良好的生物学特性而引起了相当大的关注。适配体可以特异性地靶向和结合蛋白质或肿瘤细胞，实现体外和体内的肿瘤诊断和治疗。在介绍适配体的产生方法和适配体在临床样本或异种移植肿瘤中的应用进展之后，将综述使用适配体进行肿瘤诊断的方法，包括荧光成像、基于放射性核素的成像、MRI、组织化学成像和多模态成像。还将讨论体内肿瘤治疗的临床前应用，涵盖不同类型的治疗机制，包括适配体治疗、化学治疗、基因治疗、免疫治疗和联合治疗。将总结通过适配体进行肿瘤靶向治疗的安全性和有效性，以及适配体临床应用的当前挑战和未来展望。
