School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2017 Nov 13;15(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12951-017-0311-4.
Aptamers are short non-coding, single-stranded oligonucleotides (RNA or DNA) developed through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) in vitro. Similar to antibodies, aptamers can bind to specific targets with high affinity, and are considered promising therapeutic agents as they have several advantages over antibodies, including high specificity, stability, and non-immunogenicity. Furthermore, aptamers can be produced at a low cost and easily modified, and are, therefore, called "chemical antibodies". In the past years, a variety of aptamers specifically bound to both breast cancer biomarkers and cells had been selected. Besides, taking advantage of nanomaterials, there were a number of aptamer-nanomaterial conjugates been developed and widely investigated for diagnostics and targeted therapy of breast cancer. In this short review, we first present a systematical review of various aptamer selection methods. Then, various aptamer-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of breast cancer were provided. Finally, the current problems, challenges, and future perspectives in the field were thoroughly discussed.
适配体是通过体外指数富集的配体系统进化（SELEX）技术开发的短非编码、单链寡核苷酸（RNA 或 DNA）。与抗体类似，适配体可以与特定的靶标高亲和力结合，并且被认为是有前途的治疗剂，因为它们具有许多优于抗体的优点，包括高特异性、稳定性和非免疫原性。此外，适配体可以低成本生产且易于修饰，因此被称为“化学抗体”。在过去的几年中，已经筛选出了多种特异性结合乳腺癌生物标志物和细胞的适配体。此外，利用纳米材料，已经开发了许多适配体-纳米材料缀合物，并广泛用于乳腺癌的诊断和靶向治疗。在这篇简短的综述中，我们首先系统地回顾了各种适配体选择方法。然后，提供了基于适配体的乳腺癌诊断和治疗策略。最后，彻底讨论了该领域当前存在的问题、挑战和未来展望。
