Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
Department of Microbiology, The Medicine School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Dec;132:110902. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110902. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that can bind to target molecules with high selectivity and affinity. Most aptamers are screened in vitro by a combinatorial biology technique called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Since aptamers were discovered in the 1990s, they have attracted considerable attention and have been widely used in many fields owing to their unique advantages. In this review, we present an overview of the advancements made in aptamers used for biosensors and targeted therapy. For the former, we will discuss multiple aptamer-based biosensors with different principles detected by various signaling methods. For the latter, we will focus on aptamer-based targeted therapy using aptamers as both biotechnological tools for targeted drug delivery and as targeted therapeutic agents. Finally, challenges and new perspectives associated with these two regions were further discussed. We hope that this review will help researchers interested in aptamer-related biosensing and targeted therapy research.
适体是单链核酸序列，能够与靶分子高度选择性和亲和力结合。大多数适体是通过一种称为指数富集的配体系统进化（SELEX）的组合生物学技术在体外筛选出来的。自 20 世纪 90 年代发现适体以来，由于其独特的优势，它们引起了广泛关注，并已广泛应用于许多领域。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了适体在生物传感器和靶向治疗方面的最新进展。对于前者，我们将讨论多种基于适体的生物传感器，它们具有不同的原理，并通过各种信号检测方法进行检测。对于后者，我们将重点介绍基于适体的靶向治疗，其中适体既可用作靶向药物递送的生物技术工具，也可用作靶向治疗剂。最后，还进一步讨论了这两个领域所面临的挑战和新的研究方向。我们希望这篇综述能帮助对适体相关生物传感和靶向治疗研究感兴趣的研究人员。
