CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, Brno, 612 42, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300, Plzeň, Czech Republic.
CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, Brno, 612 42, Czech Republic.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021 Jan;12(1):101558. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101558. Epub 2020 Sep 25.
The wild boar (Sus scrofa) population has increased dramatically over the last decades throughout Europe and it has become a serious pest. In addition, the common habitat of wild boar and of the tick, Ixodes ricinus, indicates the potential of wild boar to play a role in epidemiology of epizootic and zoonotic tick-borne pathogens, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In Europe, epidemiological cycles and reservoirs of A. phagocytophilum, including its zoonotic haplotypes, are poorly understood. In this study, we focused on detection and further genetic characterization of A. phagocytophilum and piroplasmids in 550 wild boars from eleven districts of Moravia and Silesia in the Czech Republic. Using highly sensitive nested PCR targeting the groEL gene, the DNA of A. phagocytophilum was detected in 28 wild boars (5.1 %) representing six unique haplotypes. The dominant haplotype was found in 21 samples from 7 different districts. All detected haplotypes clustered in the largest clade representing the European ecotype I and the dominant haplotype fell to the subclade with the European human cases and strains from dogs and horses. Nested PCR targeting the variable region of the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasmids resulted in one positive sample with 99.8 % sequence identity to Babesia divergens. The presence of these two pathogens that are primarily circulated by I. ricinus confirms the local participation of wild boar in the host spectrum of this tick and warrants experimental studies to address wild boar as a reservoir of zoonotic haplotypes of A. phagocytophilum.
过去几十年，欧洲的野猪数量急剧增加，已成为严重的害虫。此外，野猪和壁虱（Ixodes ricinus）的共同栖息地表明野猪可能在流行和人畜共患蜱传病原体的流行病学中发挥作用，包括嗜吞噬细胞无形体（Anaplasma phagocytophilum）。在欧洲，人们对包括其人畜共患病株在内的嗜吞噬细胞无形体的流行病学循环和储存宿主了解甚少。在这项研究中，我们重点关注在来自捷克共和国摩拉维亚和西里西亚的 11 个区的 550 头野猪中检测和进一步遗传特征分析嗜吞噬细胞无形体和梨形虫。使用针对 groEL 基因的高度敏感嵌套 PCR，在 28 头野猪（5.1%）中检测到嗜吞噬细胞无形体的 DNA，这些野猪代表 6 个独特的单倍型。在来自 7 个不同区的 21 个样本中发现了优势单倍型。所有检测到的单倍型聚类在最大的进化枝中，代表欧洲生态型 I，优势单倍型属于与欧洲人类病例和来自狗和马的菌株相关的亚进化枝。针对梨形虫 18S rRNA 基因可变区的嵌套 PCR 得到一个阳性样本，其序列与分歧巴贝斯虫（Babesia divergens）的同一性为 99.8%。这些两种病原体的存在，主要通过壁虱（Ixodes ricinus）传播，证实了野猪在该壁虱的宿主谱中的局部参与，并需要进行实验研究，以确定野猪是否为人畜共患病株嗜吞噬细胞无形体的储存宿主。
