Guzev L, Danshin A, Ziv S, Lichter A
Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, POB 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Sep 1;111 Suppl 1:S67-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.03.003. Epub 2006 May 15.
A 3-year survey was conducted to assay the number of Aspergillus Section Nigri isolates and in vitro ochratoxin A (OTA) production capacity in 10 vineyards in Israel. The survey included field sampling of two wine cultivars, 'Sauvignon Blanc' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' as well as the table grape cultivar 'Superior'. A total of 2114 isolates were analyzed and of those 161 isolates were shown to produce OTA. The major finding was that Aspergillus carbonarius (336 tested strains) is the most consistent producer of OTA, with approximately 35% of the isolates identified as positive in vitro. In comparison, 3.1% of other isolates from the Aspergillus niger aggregate (of 1432 strains) produced OTA in vitro. In contrast, none of the 346 tested strains with a uniseriate head morphology produced OTA. The incidence of infected berries was very low before veraison, while at harvest, this frequency was twice as high. In general, the composition of black Aspergilli did not differ during berry development. Generally, more OTA-producing isolates were isolated from the surface of table grapes cv. 'Superior' compared to 'Sauvignon Blanc'. None of the samples collected at harvest contained traces of OTA in the juice. This study shows that grapes in Israel are contaminated with ochratoxigenic species which represent a risk of OTA contamination.
进行了一项为期3年的调查，以测定以色列10个葡萄园中的黑曲霉属分离株数量以及体外赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）的产生能力。该调查包括对两个酿酒葡萄品种“长相思”和“赤霞珠”以及鲜食葡萄品种“特级”进行田间采样。总共分析了2114个分离株，其中161个分离株被证明能产生OTA。主要发现是，碳黑曲霉（336个测试菌株）是最稳定的OTA产生菌，约35%的分离株在体外鉴定为阳性。相比之下，黑曲霉复合体的其他分离株（1432个菌株）中，有3.1%在体外产生OTA。相反，346个具有单列头形态的测试菌株均未产生OTA。在转色期前，感染浆果的发生率非常低，而在收获时，这一频率是之前的两倍。一般来说，在浆果发育过程中，黑曲霉的组成没有差异。通常，与“长相思”相比，从鲜食葡萄品种“特级”的表面分离到更多产生OTA的分离株。收获时采集的样品中，果汁中均未检测到OTA痕迹。这项研究表明，以色列的葡萄被产赭曲霉毒素的菌种污染，这意味着存在OTA污染风险。
