Friebertshauser Ryan J, Holt Daniel E, Johnston Carol E, Smith Matthew G, Mendonça Mary T
Department of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA.
Conserv Physiol. 2020 Sep 28;8(1):coaa089. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coaa089. eCollection 2020.
While the expansion of anthropogenic noise studies in aquatic habitats has produced conservation-based results for a range of taxa, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential impacts on stream fishes. Recent work has shown responses to road noise in single species of stream fish; however, assemblage-wide effects of anthropogenic noise pollution have not yet been investigated. By examining five metrics of disturbance across four ecologically and evolutionarily disparate species of stream fishes, a series of laboratory experiments aimed to describe the effects of and species susceptibility to anthropogenic noise playback. Each species studied represented a unique combination of hearing sensitivity and water column position. Physiological and behavioral metrics were compared across the presence and absence of rail-noise noise playback in four target species. Through repeated subsampling, the temporal dynamics of cortisol secretion in response to noise in two target species were additionally described. Rail-noise playback had no statistically significant effect on blood glucose or water-borne cortisol levels, with the exception of decreased cortisol in noise-exposed largescale stoneroller (). Time-course cortisol experiments revealed rapid secretion and showed minimal effects of noise at most observation points. The presence of noise produced significant changes in ventilation rate and swimming parameters in a portion of the four species observed representing the most conserved responses. Overall, effects of noise were observed in species contrary to what would be hypothesized based on theoretical hearing sensitivity and water column position demonstrating that predicting susceptibility to this type of stressor cannot be accomplished based off these course considerations alone. More importantly, we show that anthropogenic noise can disrupt a variety of behavioral and physiological processes in certain taxa and should be further investigated via measures of fitness in the wild.
虽然在水生栖息地开展的人为噪声研究已为一系列生物分类群带来了基于保护的成果，但对溪流鱼类的潜在影响却相对关注较少。近期研究表明，单一物种的溪流鱼类会对道路噪声产生反应；然而，人为噪声污染对整个鱼类群落的影响尚未得到研究。通过研究四种在生态和进化上截然不同的溪流鱼类的五个干扰指标，一系列实验室实验旨在描述人为噪声回放的影响以及物种对其的易感性。所研究的每个物种都代表了听觉敏感度和水柱位置的独特组合。在有和没有铁路噪声回放的情况下，对四种目标物种的生理和行为指标进行了比较。通过重复抽样，还描述了两种目标物种在噪声作用下皮质醇分泌的时间动态。铁路噪声回放对血糖或水体皮质醇水平没有统计学上的显著影响，但暴露于噪声中的大口石滚鱼的皮质醇水平有所下降。时间进程皮质醇实验显示皮质醇迅速分泌，并且在大多数观察点噪声的影响最小。在所观察的四种物种中的一部分中，噪声的存在导致呼吸频率和游泳参数发生了显著变化，这代表了最一致的反应。总体而言，在一些物种中观察到了噪声的影响，这与基于理论听觉敏感度和水柱位置所做的假设相反，表明仅根据这些粗略的考虑因素无法预测对这种应激源的易感性。更重要的是，我们表明人为噪声会扰乱某些生物分类群的各种行为和生理过程，应通过野外适应性测量进一步进行研究。
