Bardhan Ronita, Debnath Ramit, Gama Joao, Vijay Upadhi
Behaviour and Building Performance Group, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PX, United Kingdom.
Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
Sustain Cities Soc. 2020 Oct;61:102315. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102315.
Future cities of the Global South will not only rapidly urbanise but will also get warmer from climate change and urbanisation induced effects. It will trigger a multi-fold increase in cooling demand, especially at a residential level, mitigation to which remains a policy and research gap. This study forwards a novel residential energy stress mitigation framework called REST to estimate warming climate-induced energy stress in residential buildings using a GIS-driven urban heat island and energy modelling approach. REST further estimates rooftop solar potential to enable solar photo-voltaic (PV) based decentralised energy solutions and establish an optimised routine for peer-to-peer energy sharing at a neighbourhood scale. The optimised network is classified through a decision tree algorithm to derive sustainability rules for mitigating energy stress at an urban planning scale. These sustainability rules established distributive energy justice variables in urban planning context. The REST framework is applied as a proof-of-concept on a future smart city of India, named Amaravati. Results show that cooling energy stress can be reduced by 80 % in the study area through sensitive use of planning variables like Floor Space Index (FSI) and built-up density. It has crucial policy implications towards the design and implementation of a national level cooling action plans in the future cities of the Global South to meet the UN-SDG - 7 (clean and affordable energy) and SDG - 11 (sustainable cities and communities) targets.
全球南方的未来城市不仅将迅速城市化，还将因气候变化和城市化引发的效应而变暖。这将引发制冷需求成倍增加，尤其是在住宅层面，而对此的缓解措施在政策和研究方面仍存在空白。本研究提出了一个名为REST的新型住宅能源压力缓解框架，以使用地理信息系统驱动的城市热岛和能源建模方法来估算气候变暖导致的住宅建筑能源压力。REST还进一步估算屋顶太阳能潜力，以实现基于太阳能光伏（PV）的分散式能源解决方案，并在邻里规模上建立对等能源共享的优化流程。通过决策树算法对优化后的网络进行分类，以得出在城市规划规模上缓解能源压力的可持续性规则。这些可持续性规则在城市规划背景下建立了分布式能源公平变量。REST框架在印度一个名为阿玛拉瓦蒂的未来智慧城市上作为概念验证进行了应用。结果表明，通过合理利用诸如建筑面积指数（FSI）和建筑密度等规划变量，研究区域内的制冷能源压力可降低80%。这对于在全球南方的未来城市设计和实施国家层面制冷行动计划以实现联合国可持续发展目标7（清洁和负担得起的能源）和可持续发展目标11（可持续城市和社区）具有至关重要的政策意义。
