Wong Rebecca S Y
Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, No. 9, Jalan Teknologi, Taman Sains Selangor, Kota Damansara, PJU 5, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia.
SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2(11):1983-1991. doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00546-z. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started with the detection of an increasing number of pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China, since December 2019. The disease caused by SAS-CoV-2 was subsequently named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a global health concern with more than 28.9 million confirmed cases, taking away the lives of more than 900,000 people worldwide. To prevent further spread of the disease, an understanding of the clinical characteristics and how the disease spread is essential, especially for an emerging disease like COVID-19. Individuals who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 show diverse clinical features, and the disease severity can range from asymptomatic to death. The disease has been shown to affect not just the respiratory system but also other systems of the body. This review will discuss the pulmonary and extra-pulmonary clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in general, as well as the clinical characteristics in different groups of patients such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, patients with comorbidities and those with a compromised immunity. It will also critically examine existing evidence from relevant studies and discuss the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from an epidemiological perspective. With the easing of control measures in many countries after months of lockdown, it is important to revisit the lessons learnt from research, as the world enters a new normal with the coexistence of SARS-CoV-2.
自2019年12月以来，中国武汉发现了越来越多不明原因的肺炎病例，由此引发了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫情。随后，由SARS-CoV-2引起的疾病被命名为2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。目前，仍在肆虐的COVID-19疫情引发了全球对健康问题的关注，确诊病例超过2890万例，全球死亡人数超过90万。为防止该疾病进一步传播，了解其临床特征以及传播方式至关重要，对于像COVID-19这样的新兴疾病尤其如此。感染SARS-CoV-2的个体表现出多样的临床特征，疾病严重程度从无症状到死亡不等。已证明该疾病不仅会影响呼吸系统，还会影响身体的其他系统。本综述将总体讨论COVID-19的肺部和肺外临床表现，以及不同患者群体（如儿童、老年人、孕妇、合并症患者和免疫功能低下者）的临床特征。它还将严格审查相关研究的现有证据，并从流行病学角度讨论SARS-CoV-2疫情。在经历数月封锁后，许多国家放松了管控措施，随着世界进入SARS-CoV-2共存的新常态，重新审视从研究中吸取的教训很重要。
