StageBio, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA.
2694Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Vet Pathol. 2021 Jan;58(1):10-33. doi: 10.1177/0300985820959231. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) relays messages between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the body. Despite this critical role and widespread distribution, the PNS is often overlooked when investigating disease in diagnostic and experimental pathology. This review highlights key features of neuroanatomy and physiology of the somatic and autonomic PNS, and appropriate PNS sampling and processing techniques. The review considers major classes of PNS lesions including neuronopathy, axonopathy, and myelinopathy, and major categories of PNS disease including toxic, metabolic, and paraneoplastic neuropathies; infectious and inflammatory diseases; and neoplasms. This review describes a broad range of common PNS lesions and their diagnostic criteria and provides many useful references for pathologists who perform PNS evaluations as a regular or occasional task in their comparative pathology practice.
周围神经系统（PNS）在中枢神经系统（脑和脊髓）与身体之间传递信息。尽管 PNS 具有至关重要的作用且分布广泛，但在诊断和实验病理学中研究疾病时，往往会忽略 PNS。本综述重点介绍了躯体和自主 PNS 的神经解剖学和生理学的关键特征，以及适当的 PNS 采样和处理技术。本综述考虑了 PNS 病变的主要类别，包括神经元病、轴突病和脱髓鞘病，以及 PNS 疾病的主要类别，包括中毒性、代谢性和副肿瘤性神经病；感染性和炎症性疾病；和肿瘤。本综述描述了广泛的常见 PNS 病变及其诊断标准，并为经常或偶尔在比较病理学实践中进行 PNS 评估的病理学家提供了许多有用的参考资料。
