Faculty of Agriculture, Dep. of Soil Amelioration, Univ. of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State Univ., 116 Agricultural Sciences and Industry Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2020 Jul;49(4):1011-1019. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20074. Epub 2020 May 3.
The pharmaceutical compound carbamazepine (CBZ) is a contaminant of emerging concern. Wastewater irrigation can be a long-term, frequent source of CBZ; therefore, understanding the fate and transport of CBZ as a result of wastewater reuse practices has important environmental implications. The objective of this study was to estimate long-term soil transport of CBZ originating from treated wastewater irrigation on plots under different land uses. Field data from a previous study comparing CBZ concentrations in soil under different land uses were used in numerical modeling with HYDRUS-2D for the estimation of CBZ soil transport during 20 yr of irrigation with treated wastewater. This study showed high CBZ retention in soil under all investigated land uses. Adequate modeling results were obtained by using soil organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient (K ) for the CBZ linear sorption coefficient (K ) estimation, yet an underestimation of CBZ concentration in soil was still noted. Thus, results suggest that, although highly important, organic carbon content is probably not the only soil property governing CBZ sorption at this site, indicating the potential research perspective. Modeling results showed wastewater irrigation containing CBZ for 20 yr increased the CBZ concentration in the soil profile and its vertical movement, with the slowest vertical transport rate occurring on the forested plots. Overall results suggest that a beneficial management practice could be to increase soil organic carbon (e.g., compost addition) when using treated wastewater for irrigation in order to retain CBZ in the surface soil and thus limit its leaching through the soil profile.
药物化合物卡马西平（CBZ）是一种新出现的关注污染物。废水灌溉可能是 CBZ 的长期、频繁来源；因此，了解由于废水再利用实践而导致的 CBZ 的归宿和迁移具有重要的环境意义。本研究的目的是估算来自处理后废水灌溉的 CBZ 在不同土地利用下的长期土壤迁移。先前一项比较不同土地利用下土壤中 CBZ 浓度的研究中的现场数据，用于数值模拟，使用 HYDRUS-2D 模型估算 20 年处理后废水灌溉期间 CBZ 的土壤迁移。本研究表明，在所有调查的土地利用下，CBZ 在土壤中有很高的保留。通过使用土壤有机碳-水分配系数（Koc）估算 CBZ 线性吸附系数（Kd），可以获得足够的建模结果，但土壤中 CBZ 浓度仍被低估。因此，结果表明，尽管有机碳含量非常重要，但它可能不是控制该地点 CBZ 吸附的唯一土壤特性，这表明了潜在的研究前景。建模结果表明，20 年来含有 CBZ 的废水灌溉增加了土壤剖面中的 CBZ 浓度及其垂直迁移，在森林区的土壤中垂直迁移速度最慢。总体结果表明，一种有益的管理实践可能是在使用处理后的废水进行灌溉时增加土壤有机碳（例如，添加堆肥），以将 CBZ 保留在表土中，从而限制其通过土壤剖面的淋溶。
