Paz Anat, Tadmor Galit, Malchi Tomer, Blotevogel Jens, Borch Thomas, Polubesova Tamara, Chefetz Benny
Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1320, USA.
Chemosphere. 2016 Oct;160:22-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.048. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
Irrigation with reclaimed wastewater may result in the ubiquitous presence of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) and their metabolites in the agroecosystem. In this study, we focused on two highly persistent anticonvulsant drugs, lamotrigine and carbamazepine and two of its metabolites (EP-CBZ and DiOH-CBZ), aiming to elucidate their behavior in agricultural ecosystem using batch and lysimeter experiments. Sorption of the studied compounds by soils was found to be governed mainly by the soil organic matter level. Sorption affinity of compounds to soils followed the order lamotrigine > carbamazepine > EP-CBZ > DiOH-CBZ. Sorption was reversible, and no competition between sorbates in bi-solute systems was observed. The results of the lysimeter studies were in accordance with batch experiment findings, demonstrating accumulation of lamotrigine and carbamazepine in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. Detection of carbamazepine and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with reclaimed wastewater, indicates reversibility of their sorption, resulting in their potential leaching and their availability for plant uptake. This study demonstrates the long-term implication of introduction of PCs to the agroecosystem.
用再生废水灌溉可能导致药物化合物（PCs）及其代谢物在农业生态系统中普遍存在。在本研究中，我们聚焦于两种高度持久的抗惊厥药物，拉莫三嗪和卡马西平及其两种代谢物（EP-CBZ和DiOH-CBZ），旨在通过批次实验和蒸渗仪实验阐明它们在农业生态系统中的行为。研究发现，土壤对所研究化合物的吸附主要受土壤有机质水平的控制。化合物对土壤的吸附亲和力顺序为拉莫三嗪>卡马西平>EP-CBZ>DiOH-CBZ。吸附是可逆的，在双溶质体系中未观察到吸附质之间的竞争。蒸渗仪研究结果与批次实验结果一致，表明拉莫三嗪和卡马西平在富含有机质的表层土壤中积累。在先前用再生废水灌溉的雨养小麦中检测到卡马西平及其一种代谢物，表明它们的吸附具有可逆性，导致它们可能发生淋溶并可供植物吸收。本研究证明了将药物化合物引入农业生态系统的长期影响。
