模拟血液制品的无人机与地面运输至城市创伤中心的比较：蒙特利尔 Medi-Drone 试点研究。
Drone versus ground delivery of simulated blood products to an urban trauma center: The Montreal Medi-Drone pilot study.
机构信息
From the Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University (V.H., F.d.C.), Montreal, Canada; Division of Emergency Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K.), Montreal, Canada; Transfusion Medicine Service, (P.P.) McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada Vice-présidence aux affaires médicales et à l'innovation, Héma-Québec (D.B.), Quebec, Canada; County of Renfrew Paramedic Service (M.N.), Pembroke, Canada; Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine (M.-A.R.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (M.-A.R.), Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine (P.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Medicine (M.M., F.G.-B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (E.K.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (R.F), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Research Chair in Innovation and Emergency Medicine (R.F.) Laval University - Dessercom - CISSS Chaudière-Appalaches, Levis, Canada; VITAM Research Centre (R.F.), Quebec, Canada.
出版信息
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021 Mar 1;90(3):515-521. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002961.
BACKGROUND
Timely and safe distribution of quality blood products is a major challenge faced by blood banks around the world. Our primary objective was to determine if simulated blood product delivery to an urban trauma center would be more rapidly achieved by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) than by ground transportation. A secondary objective was to determine the feasibility of maintaining simulated blood product temperatures within a targeted range.
METHODS
In this prospective pilot study, we used two distinct methods to compare UAV flight duration and ground transport times. Simulated blood products included packed red blood cells, platelet concentrate, and fresh frozen plasma. For each blood product type, three UAV flights were conducted. Temperature was monitored during transport using a probe coupled to a data logger inside each simulated blood product unit.
RESULTS
All flights were conducted successfully without any adverse events or safety concerns reported. The heaviest payload transported was 6.4 kg, and the drone speed throughout all nine flights was 10 m/s. The mean UAV transportation time was significantly faster than ground delivery (17:06 ± 00:04 minutes vs. 28:54 ± 01:12 minutes, p < 0.0001). The mean ± SD initial temperature for packed red blood cells was 4.4°C ± 0.1°C with a maximum 5% mean temperature variability from departure to landing. For platelet concentrates, the mean ± SD initial temperature was 21.6°C ± 0.5°C, and the maximum variability observed was 0.3%. The mean ± SD initial fresh frozen plasma temperature was -19°C ± 2°C, and the greatest temperature variability was from -17°C ± 2°C to -16°C ± 2°C.
CONCLUSIONS
Unmanned aerial vehicle transportation of simulated blood products was significantly faster than ground delivery. Simulated blood product temperatures remained within their respective acceptable ranges throughout transport. Further studies assessing UAV transport of real blood products in populated areas are warranted.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management, level IV.
背景
及时、安全地分发优质血液制品是全球血库面临的主要挑战。我们的主要目标是确定使用无人机 (UAV) 向城市创伤中心输送血液制品是否比地面运输更快。次要目标是确定在目标范围内维持模拟血液制品温度的可行性。
方法
在这项前瞻性试点研究中，我们使用了两种不同的方法来比较 UAV 飞行时间和地面运输时间。模拟血液制品包括浓缩红细胞、血小板和新鲜冷冻血浆。对于每种血液制品类型，进行了三次 UAV 飞行。使用数据记录器内的探头监测运输过程中的温度，该探头连接到每个模拟血液制品单元内。
结果
所有飞行均成功完成，无任何不良事件或安全问题报告。运输的最重有效载荷为 6.4 公斤，所有九次飞行中的无人机速度均为 10 米/秒。UAV 运输时间明显快于地面运输（17:06±00:04 分钟与 28:54±01:12 分钟，p<0.0001）。浓缩红细胞的初始平均温度±SD 为 4.4°C±0.1°C，从出发到降落的平均温度变化为 5%。血小板的初始平均温度±SD 为 21.6°C±0.5°C，观察到的最大变异性为 0.3%。新鲜冷冻血浆的初始平均温度±SD 为-19°C±2°C，最大温度变化为-17°C±2°C 至-16°C±2°C。
结论
模拟血液制品的无人机运输速度明显快于地面运输。在运输过程中，模拟血液制品的温度保持在各自可接受的范围内。需要进一步研究评估人口密集地区的真实血液制品的 UAV 运输。
证据水平
治疗/护理管理，IV 级。
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