Colonese Andre Carlo, Winter Rachel, Brandi Rafael, Fossile Thiago, Fernandes Ricardo, Soncin Silvia, McGrath Krista, Von Tersch Matthew, Bandeira Arkley Marques
BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
Department of Prehistory, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 6;10(1):16560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73540-z.
Archaeological research is radically transforming the view that the Amazon basin and surrounding areas witnessed limited societal development before European contact. Nevertheless, uncertainty remains on the nature of the subsistence systems and the role that aquatic resources, terrestrial mammalian game, and plants had in supporting population growth, geographic dispersal, cultural adaptations and political complexity during the later stages of the pre-Columbian era. This is exacerbated by the general paucity of archaeological human remains enabling individual dietary reconstructions. Here we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen to reconstruct the diets of human individuals from São Luís Island (Brazilian Amazon coast) dated between ca. 1800 and 1000 cal BP and associated with distinct ceramic traditions. We expanded our analysis to include previously published data from Maracá and Marajó Island, in the eastern Amazon. Quantitative estimates of the caloric contributions from food groups and their relative nutrients using a Bayesian Mixing Model revealed distinct subsistence strategies, consisting predominantly of plants and terrestrial mammals and variably complemented with aquatic resources. This study offers novel quantitative information on the extent distinct food categories of polyculture agroforestry systems fulfilled the caloric and protein requirements of Late Holocene pre-Columbian populations in the Amazon basin.
考古研究正在彻底改变一种观点，即亚马逊盆地及周边地区在欧洲人接触之前社会发展有限。然而，关于生存系统的性质以及水生资源、陆地哺乳动物猎物和植物在哥伦布前时代后期支持人口增长、地理扩散、文化适应和政治复杂性方面所起的作用，仍然存在不确定性。由于用于个体饮食重建的考古人类遗骸普遍匮乏，这种不确定性更加突出。在此，我们利用对骨胶原的稳定碳氮同位素分析，重建了巴西亚马逊海岸圣路易斯岛约公元1800年至公元前1000年、与不同陶瓷传统相关的人类个体饮食。我们将分析范围扩大到包括亚马逊东部马拉卡岛和马拉若岛先前发表的数据。使用贝叶斯混合模型对食物组的热量贡献及其相对营养素进行定量估计，揭示了不同的生存策略，主要包括植物和陆地哺乳动物，并不同程度地辅以水生资源。这项研究提供了关于多元文化农林复合系统中不同食物类别在多大程度上满足了亚马逊盆地晚全新世哥伦布前人口热量和蛋白质需求的新的定量信息。
