Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Nat Rev Nephrol. 2021 Mar;17(3):205-219. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-00348-5. Epub 2020 Oct 7.
Kidney research is entering an era of 'big data' and molecular omics data can provide comprehensive insights into the molecular footprints of cells. In contrast to transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics generate data that relate more directly to the pathological symptoms and clinical parameters observed in patients. Owing to its complexity, the proteome still holds many secrets, but has great potential for the identification of drug targets. Proteomics can provide information about protein synthesis, modification and degradation, as well as insight into the physical interactions between proteins, and between proteins and other biomolecules. Thus far, proteomics in nephrology has largely focused on the discovery and validation of biomarkers, but the systematic analysis of the nephroproteome can offer substantial additional insights, including the discovery of mechanisms that trigger and propagate kidney disease. Moreover, proteome acquisition might provide a diagnostic tool that complements the assessment of a kidney biopsy sample by a pathologist. Such applications are becoming increasingly feasible with the development of high-throughput and high-coverage technologies, such as versatile mass spectrometry-based techniques and protein arrays, and encourage further proteomics research in nephrology.
肾脏研究正在进入“大数据”时代，分子组学数据可以提供对细胞分子特征的全面了解。与转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学相比，它们产生的数据与患者观察到的病理症状和临床参数更直接相关。由于其复杂性，蛋白质组学仍然有许多秘密，但对于鉴定药物靶点具有巨大的潜力。蛋白质组学可以提供有关蛋白质合成、修饰和降解的信息，以及蛋白质之间以及蛋白质与其他生物分子之间的物理相互作用的洞察力。到目前为止，肾脏病学中的蛋白质组学主要集中在生物标志物的发现和验证上，但对肾蛋白质组的系统分析可以提供更多的实质性见解，包括发现触发和传播肾脏疾病的机制。此外，蛋白质组的获取可能提供一种诊断工具，补充病理学家对肾脏活检样本的评估。随着高通量和高覆盖率技术的发展，如多功能基于质谱的技术和蛋白质芯片，这些应用变得越来越可行，并鼓励肾脏病学中的进一步蛋白质组学研究。
