Ha Kyungho, Song YoonJu, Kim Hye-Kyeong
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2020 Oct;14(5):519-531. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.519. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Regional disparities in dietary factors might be related to regional disparities in cardiometabolic health. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary factors with regional types in Korean adults.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Based on data from the 2007-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study included 39,781 adults aged ≥ 19 years who completed the dietary survey and a health examination. Healthy and unhealthy dietary factors (fat, sodium, fruit, and vegetable intakes) were evaluated using 1-day 24-h dietary recall method, as well as the use of nutrition labels with a questionnaire.
Of the participants, 48.7%, 36.0%, and 15.2% lived in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively. Adults living in urban and rural had higher odds ratios (ORs) for obesity (OR for urban, 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.14; OR for rural, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24) than adults living in metropolitan areas; these associations were significantly observed in middle-aged adults. Compared to metropolitan residents, rural residents had lower ORs for hypertension in middle-aged (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96) and metabolic syndrome in older adults (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91). Regarding urban residents, a lower OR for diabetes in middle-aged adults (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.97) and a higher OR for hypertension in older adults (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) were observed. Overall rural residents had higher ORs of excessive carbohydrate, low fruit, and high salted-vegetable intakes than metropolitan residents. Low fruit intake was positively associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, after adjustment for regional type and other confounders in total participants.
These findings indicate that cardiometabolic risk and unhealthy dietary factors differ among regional types and age groups within Korea. Nutritional policy and interventions should consider regional types for prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors.
背景/目的：饮食因素的地区差异可能与心脏代谢健康的地区差异有关。因此，本研究调查了韩国成年人心脏代谢危险因素和饮食因素与地区类型之间的关联。
对象/方法：基于2007 - 2017年韩国国家健康与营养检查调查的数据，该研究纳入了39781名年龄≥19岁且完成饮食调查和健康检查的成年人。使用1天24小时饮食回忆法以及带有问卷的营养标签评估健康和不健康的饮食因素（脂肪、钠、水果和蔬菜摄入量）。
参与者中，分别有48.7%、36.0%和15.2%居住在大城市、城市和农村地区。与居住在大城市地区的成年人相比，居住在城市和农村的成年人肥胖的比值比（OR）更高（城市的OR为1.07；95%置信区间（CI），1.01 - 1.14；农村的OR为1.14；95% CI，1.05 - 1.24）；这些关联在中年成年人中显著观察到。与大城市居民相比，农村居民中年患高血压的OR较低（OR，0.86；95% CI，0.76 - 0.96），老年人患代谢综合征的OR较低（OR，0.78；95% CI，0.67 - 0.91）。关于城市居民，中年成年人患糖尿病的OR较低（OR，0.85；95% CI，0.74 - 0.97），老年人患高血压的OR较高（OR，1.19；95% CI，1.02 - 1.39）。总体而言，农村居民碳水化合物摄入过多、水果摄入量低和腌制蔬菜摄入量高的OR高于大城市居民。在对总参与者的地区类型和其他混杂因素进行调整后，低水果摄入量与肥胖、代谢综合征和高血压呈正相关。
这些发现表明，韩国不同地区类型和年龄组的心脏代谢风险和不健康饮食因素存在差异。营养政策和干预措施应考虑地区类型，以预防和管理心脏代谢危险因素。
