Ju Se-Young, Park Yoo Kyoung
Dept. of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
Dept. of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2019 Dec 3;38(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s41043-019-0204-2.
Depression is a major mental disorder worldwide. The prevalence of depression among Korean adults was estimated to be 5.6% in 2006 and 6.7% in 2011, and that increased to 10.3% in 2013. Using national data, the present study investigated the association between vegetable and fruit intake and the prevalence of depression among Korean adults.
This analysis used data from 4349 subjects aged 19 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2014). Depression was assessed using the self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Food and nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. Individual food intake was categorized into 18 food groups. The statistical analyses in this study were performed by adopting stratification, clustering, and sample weight variables using SPSS Ver. 23.0. Cronbach's α was used to determine the internal consistency of the PHQ-9 items. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of depression adjusted for several confounders.
The depression rate of all subjects was between 8.7 and 4.7% and decreased as vegetable and fruit intake increased. With regard to sex, the depression rate decreased from 6.4 to 2.5% in males and from 11.4 to 6.6% in females as vegetable and fruit intake increased. Thus, the results of this study reveal an inverse association between vegetable and fruit intake and depression. The odds ratios show that vegetable and fruit intake was inversely associated with depression with no adjustment. When the data were adjusted for age, energy intake, obesity, smoking, drinking, stress, eating-out frequency, breakfast, and food security, subjects exhibited significantly lower rates of depression with higher vegetable and fruit intakes.
This is the first study to investigate the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and depression in a Korean population. Additional epidemiological studies are needed to find the underlying reasons for that association.
抑郁症是全球主要的精神障碍。2006年韩国成年人中抑郁症的患病率估计为5.6%，2011年为6.7%，到2013年增至10.3%。本研究利用全国数据调查了韩国成年人蔬菜和水果摄入量与抑郁症患病率之间的关联。
本分析使用了4349名19岁及以上参与韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES，2014）的受试者的数据。使用自我报告的患者健康问卷（PHQ）-9评估抑郁症。使用24小时回忆法评估食物和营养摄入量。个体食物摄入量分为18个食物组。本研究的统计分析采用分层、聚类和样本权重变量，使用SPSS 23.0版软件进行。采用克朗巴赫α系数来确定PHQ-9项目的内部一致性。使用逻辑回归分析估计经多个混杂因素调整后的抑郁症比值比。
所有受试者的抑郁症患病率在8.7%至4.7%之间，并随着蔬菜和水果摄入量的增加而降低。在性别方面，随着蔬菜和水果摄入量的增加，男性的抑郁症患病率从6.4%降至2.5%，女性从11.4%降至6.6%。因此，本研究结果揭示了蔬菜和水果摄入量与抑郁症之间呈负相关。比值比表明，蔬菜和水果摄入量与抑郁症呈负相关，未经调整。当数据调整年龄、能量摄入、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、压力、外出就餐频率、早餐和食品安全因素后，蔬菜和水果摄入量较高的受试者抑郁症患病率显著较低。
这是第一项调查韩国人群蔬菜和水果消费与抑郁症之间关联的研究。需要更多的流行病学研究来找出这种关联的潜在原因。
