Pollock S E
Nurs Clin North Am. 1987 Sep;22(3):631-44.
The review of reported nursing research on chronic illness has many implications for nursing practice. Results of these studies may be implemented in many of the interventions provided for chronically ill patients. There needs to be collaboration between the researcher and practitioner to share knowledge of interventions that promote adaptation to chronic illness, and to investigate new and innovative therapies. Another contribution to nursing practice is the psychosocial variables that affect adaptation of chronically ill patients. Depending on the health problem and practice setting, nurses need to identify which variable may increase the effectiveness of their interventions and how they can best promote adaptation. Particularly noticeable was the absence of studies on the prevention of chronic illness. Although there is documented evidence of the relationship between stress and illness, and predictions that future environments will be even more stressful, a needed area for nursing research is prevention of chronic health problems. Areas such as stress management, health promotion, relaxation training, and behavior modification are timely subjects for nurses to research for prevention of these problems. There are merits to studying a particular chronic health problem in depth and in studying the commonalities among several chronic illnesses. With knowledge of both the physical and psychosocial, nurses are in an ideal position to contribute to the knowledge base of human responses to chronic illnesses.
对已报道的慢性病护理研究进行综述对护理实践具有诸多意义。这些研究结果可应用于为慢性病患者提供的许多干预措施中。研究者和从业者之间需要开展合作，以分享促进适应慢性病的干预措施知识，并探索新的创新疗法。对护理实践的另一贡献是影响慢性病患者适应的心理社会变量。根据健康问题和实践环境，护士需要确定哪些变量可能会提高其干预措施的有效性，以及如何才能最好地促进适应。特别值得注意的是，缺乏关于慢性病预防的研究。尽管有文献证明压力与疾病之间的关系，且预测未来环境将更加充满压力，但护理研究的一个必要领域是预防慢性健康问题。压力管理、健康促进、放松训练和行为改变等领域是护士研究预防这些问题的适时课题。深入研究特定的慢性健康问题以及研究几种慢性病之间的共性具有重要意义。凭借对身体和心理社会两方面的了解，护士处于为人类对慢性病反应的知识库做出贡献的理想位置。
